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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


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Photographic 

SciHices 

Corporation 


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23  WBT  MAIN  STRIIT 

WnSTIR,N.Y.  14580 

(716)«72-4S03 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Instituta  for  Historical  iVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microraproductions  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  inttituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  n>ay  ba  bibiiographicaiiy  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha'  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 
D 

D 
D 
D 

n 

D 
D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^a 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  peliicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartas  gtographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  inic  (I.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  Illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Raiii  avac  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'une  restauratlon  apparalssent  dans  la  texte, 
male,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t4  fllmtes. 


L'instltut  a  microfiimA  la  mallleur  exempiaira 
qu'll  lui  a  AtA  poaaibia  de  aa  procurer.  Lea  details 
de  cet  exempiaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibiiographique,  qui  pauvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthcde  normaia  da  filmaga 
aont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagae  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommagtea 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  peiiicultea 

Pagea  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pagea  dAcoiortes,  tachetAes  ou  piquAea 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachAes 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparance 

Quality  of  print  variee/ 
Qualit^  InAgaia  de  I'impresslon 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  material  suppMmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 

Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissuee,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  Image/ 
Lea  pagea  totaiement  ou  partiallement 
obacurcias  par  un  fauiilet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  AtA  fiimtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  maiiieure  image  possible. 


Th 
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Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppitmantairas: 


This  copy  ii  a  photoreproduction. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  fllmA  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqui  ci-dessous 

10X                           14X                            18X                           22X 

• 

26X 

30X 

I 
1 

1 
i 

1 

V 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  fiimad  h«r«  hat  bMn  r«produe«d  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  of  tha  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  iiiuatratad  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  f iim«  f ut  raproduit  grAce  A  la 
gtnAroait*  da: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 

Las  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet«  de  l'exemplaire  f  ilm«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmag*. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmte  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAr^  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
CBs:  le  symbols  -^>  signlfie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  y  signlfie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich«,  11  est  film*  i  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants    * 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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roll 


Piilviic  Humiliation  and  Prirve]-, 


TO  wiiiru  AP.s  Atnii', 


OBSERVATIONS 


/ 


ON  tut; 


PKOPRUaY  OF  rilEACniXG  OCCASIOX.U. 


ON 


Political  Subjects. 


BY  JONATHAN  FRENCH^ 

3/i.'u"sfer  o/'^Ae  Church,  in  Xi'rth-Ha:iii.'ton,  IS'.  £{. 


Exr.rEn  .• 

BY  K.  c.  ii:-:vr.s 


■.NJi;.[iT  flU-i?, 


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g^'ilS 


'-  ^  '**»*<  ^-A*te"*«»*i-= 


sE^^^.I.o^^. 


ii.  SAMURLxx'lv.  14. 

And  Dnviti  fihUinto  Ca<\  I  am  in  a  grr.af  straif :  let  u^fnU  non'  i;}'n 
thckan^  of  thr  Jjiti-tl ;  Jor  hh  mtrcks  are  ^rc'j.1 :  aw!  let  mc  not  fall 
into  the  hand  of  vvjn. 

DAVID'S  sill,  in  niusincj  Tsraei  to  he  nuin]joroJ,  probably 
cons''' ted  ii>  pridi',  vnnity  and  aijiljiiioii.      \V'lifn  he  Mas  afterward 
huiublod  undor   the   ii\it;hfy    hand  of  God,  like  a   true  pcnifeut, 
bolni;  more  rrudy  to  condcnui    hinistlf  th.ui    othtri,    he  *'  sjuike 
\»nfo  theL.trd,  wht-n  h(*s.»\v  ilicatu;''!,  that  smote  the;  jjeopli*,  and 
said,   Lo,  1  have  sinned,  and  I  have  dono   wickedly  ;   Ijut  these 
sheep,  (moaning  the  people)  wliat  have  tliey  doiu' ?"  The  people, 
however,   were  far  ffon\  being  so  guillloss  as  D.ivid  siipjiosed. 
Tlieir  sins    were  the  primary  occasion  of  the  jed^inent,  tliat  fell 
upon  thofi).^    In  the  beuinning  of  the  chapter  5'.  is  said,  *'a^'ain  the 
ani;er  <if  the  Lord  was  kindled  ac;aiii?i  Israel,  and  Iienu)vi-d  J^avid 
against   them   to  say,  Go    number    Israel   and  Jndah,"       God 
took    ofl   restraint,  ae.d  sulTored    sueli   wrong   passions   as    were 
VotUJng  in  David's  hearf,  to  break  out  into  act;  left  him  to  the 
'guidance   of  those   wron;^    passionr.,  which  Satan  tenipted  him  to 
indulge.     That   in  this   sense  God  moved  David  is  evident  from 
1  Chron.  21    ch.     "And   Satan  stood    up   against    Israel,   and 
provoked  David  to  number  Israel."    Tliey  had  offended  the  Loud, 
by    following    A!)salom    who  "stole    the  hearts  of  the  men   of 
Israel  ;"  and  afterward    by   following   "a  man  of  Belial,  whose 
name  was  Shcba,  the  son  of  Biehri  ;"  and  by  otherwise  abusinpj 
the  great  prosperity  which  they  had   enjoyed.      Although  visited 
with  a  three    years  famine,  they  did  not  hunil»le  themselves  under 
the  inii;hty  hand  of  God.     He  therefore  suffered  (he  pride,  ambi, 
tlon  and  vanity  of  their   ruler,  which  also  deserved    punishment, 
to  break  forth  Into  a  measure,    which  brought  their   case  to  a 
crisis,  and   ripened  him  and  them  for  severe  and  humiliating  chas- 
tisrment.     Ilesufiered  David  to  number  Israel.     *'  Because   this 
was  done  without  any  color  of  necessity,  and  out  of  mere  osten- 
tation and   carnal   eonfi(!<.'ijc'',   as    David's  own    conscience    told 
bin),"*  God    was  displeased    with    this  thing,   and    smote    Israel. 
David's  heart   indeed  smulo  him,  after  he   had  done  (his,  and  h^ 

•  Pool 


'J^SiSSSi 


; 


4 


foiiffstci^  his  uin  unto  Gi>iT,  atul  *^  tlioui^li  Uil'  L'>n]  voiiUl  foi^ivt 
his  SMI  oil  rf'K'ufiitici',  yet,  a^  it  was  a  |)ul)li<;  ofu-iiif,  lu;  vould 
correct  it  in  ,\  piii)lic  inaniMT,  by  ^]c■:Aruyhy^  liis  siibji'ot';  hi-foio 
his  ryr.-?."*  "  'i'hi-  word  of  the  I.funl  C'.mc  uiilo  tlti"  piojjlict  Clad, 
Divid'a  soiTj  sixyiii:;,  Gi>  rmd  s:iy  unto  Divid,  Tims  !i;iit!»  the 
Lord,  I  oQ^r  llice  three  tiiin';s,  choose  cIicl'  ouc  of  tluMii,  that  I 
iiuy  do  it  unto  tluT.  So  Cad  came  to  D.ivid,  and  told  hirn  and 
said  unto  liiiu,  s!i:ill  sctcu  yi-ars  of  fdiniiiu  cotnc  unto  tlice  in  thy 
land  ?  or  wiit  tiiou  fiou  tlute  months  hcforo  thi:.'j  enemies,  while 
tJjcy  pursue  thve  ?  or  llial  thi^fc  be  three  days  pestilence  in  thy 
Jand  ?  no'.v  advise,  and  set^  iv!i:^t  iinsvvcr  1  shall  return  to  hiia 
that  sent  inc.  And  D.ivid  Ruld  unto  Gad,  J  am  in  a  great  slruil .: 
let  us  fall  novv  into  tlie  hand  of  tho  Lurd  ;  for  his  mercies  are 
great  :  and  let  nie  not  fall  into  the  hand  of  man." 

The  direetion,  or  |iermi';.s''jn  of  God  is  to  be  acknowledged  iti 
all  the  Cilamitios  wliicli  men  experience.  *'  Is  there  evil  in  the  city 
and  the  Lord  hath  not  done  it  ?"  The  Psalmist  vimvini;  Saul  and 
liis  attendants,  instrumontally,  as  the  sword  and  hand  of  God, 
■wherewith  he  chastised  others,  prays  in  the  17th  |)sa!m,  *'  Deliver 
my  soul  frotn  the  wicked,  which  is  thy  sword,  from  men,  which 
are  thy  hand,  O  L  >rd,  from  men  of  the  world,  which  have  their 
portion  in  this  life."  But  when  there  is  evil  in  the  city,  the 
wickedness  of  men  has  procured  it.  The  overruling  providence 
of  God  is  to  be  aikiiowicdi;ed  in  all  events  ;  but  there  is  a  plain 
Oistinction  between  his  committin;;  and  his  sulTering  providence. 
I),ivid,  theri'f(jre,  made  a  very  just  distinction  in  the  text,  betvrcca 
falling  into  the  hand  of  God  and  falling  into  the  hand  of  man. 
He  (hose  to  endure  the  immediate  chasfisements  of  God,  whose 
mercies  are  Jircat,  rather  than  such  calaniitics  as  men  arc  instru- 
jnental  of  inflictiug  ;  for  he  knew,  tliai  man,  wlien  let  loose  up- 
on his  brother  man,  and  actuated  by  hostile  ;^assions,  be- 
comes a  monster  more  outrageous  and  relentless,  than  the  beasts 
of  the  desert.  The  ferocity  of  man,  when  his  passions  are  unrc- 
strained,  ic  attested  by  (he  iiorrid  events  of  every  age.  The  an- 
cient historian,  Plutarch,  says,  and  adduces  melancholy  instances 
Mvhich  prove,  *''  that  no  beast  is  more  savage,  than  man,  when 
possessed  of  powrer  equal  to  his  passions."  In  view  of  the  horrid 
massacre  of  the  Shechemites,  with  what  abhorrence  of  the  naturd 
and  dire  effects  of  the  ungovcrned  passions  of  man,  did  the  good  old 
patriarch,  Jacob,  exclaim  concerning  the  fruit  of  his  own  body, 
Ijis  own  sons,  Simeon  and  Levi,  *'  Instruments  of  cruelty  are  in 
their  habitations.  O  my  soul,  come  not  thou  into  their  secret  ; 
unto  their  assembly,  mine  Iionor,  be  not  thou  united  :  forin  their 
aoger  Ihey  slew  a  nan,  and  in  their  self  will  they  digged  down  a 

*  Dr.  Scott,  *.^-  -    '  ,.  •  ' 


^* 


■^ 


* 


If 


5 


\va)l.  Ciirrt'fl  be  l^.eIr  cn^cr  for  it  v/ss  fierce  aii<^  their  vs-ritlj  for 
it  way  rnic!." 

Atu-au'.iii.;  to  tlifi  (lisdiictiMi  of  tin'  U  :•:(,  pcrr.ons  may  ]tc  srild  to 
fall  into  tl.i!  IkuicI?!  of  f.'oil,  ulicti  f.M/iiric,  I'Slili'tici',  li;^hli,iii ', 
voicaii'jcs,  liuirlcaofS,  carl}i(jtK;hi,s,  or  any  oi!u:r  iinmi:illatc  cm;- 
.culioiiois  of  divine  jtislioo,  an*  coiiinili.sicnK'd  Ji;,'aiii;t  jlittn.  A'; 
JusfaiKC-i,  1  m'iiiht  liU'iUi  jii  tlie  f.n:iiiies  am\  pcsiilt'iicc";,  wl.tih  Is- 
rael oflen  c'xpiriiMiCic!.  Ai;iot)i;  rvciits  of  ciio(li.'ri>  ticu'S,  I 
X)ui',hl  nu'ution  tlif  scarcity  in  SfoiUntl  aiul  Irelnnil,  thci  farniiic  iu 
P«J,ri^;,  .Mul  (livcrsi"  other  parts  of  J''ra:iff,  and  the  scarcity  in  Hritaliv 
Oiul  I\)!aDtl.  i  mii'.lit  nifiitioii  the  torrent  fri,t:i  the  inoiiiitam?j 
wliich  ,sv.c;.it  away  2000  persons  in  Spain.  I  niiglit  mention  tlio 
desolating;  f;artliqiia];cs  at  Lima,  Callao,  LisI)OM,  (yiibi  and  many 
other  places.  Jl  ini;;hl  mention  the  pligiic,  which,  \vii!\in  less  tlian 
half  a  century,  raged  in  Smyrna,  Tunis  and  l\<^y\'A.  To  come  to 
our  own  times  and  country,  I  niight  mention  the  sjjotfed  fever  of 
recent  date,  and  the  malii^nant  jiesfiiential  fever,  Vihlcb  a  few  years 
ayo  raged  in  several  of  our  sea.  ports,  atid  of  w  Jiieh  about  .OGOO  dicl 
in  ihe  city  of  Philadelphia.  *^  We  know  him  that  hafh  sa-d,  Ven- 
geance lje!oni;oth  unto  me,  I  v/ill  recompence,  saith  the  Lord. 
And  again,  The  Lord  >^!ull  jnd^e  hlo  people.  It  is  a  fearful  thing 
to  fallinto  the  hands  of  the  livinr;  God."  lleb.  10.  30,  SI.  But 
David  considered  falling  immediately  into  the  liand  of  man,  as 
the.  most  deplorable  of  calamities.  Great  are  the  mereiir.  of  a 
just  and  avenging  God  ;  but  *'  the  tender  mccics  of  the  wiekcJ 
are  cruel."  Prov.  12.  10.  ', 

Persons  may  be  said  to  fall  into  (lie  hand  of  a  man,  when  re- 
duced to  a  state  of  scrviiude,  or  imprisonment,  by  those,  with 
whom  they  were  at  peace.  Such  was  the  case  of  some,  mentioncv! 
in  the  bihie,  and  to  come  to  our  own  times,  such  is  the  ca"e  of 
those  of  our  seamen,  who  have  been  **  imi)ressed  on  board  British 
vessels  ;"*  and  also  of  such  of  our  seamen,  as  have  been  *'  seized 

*  Much  has  been  said  respecting  the  impi'Si^ament  of  American  sea- 
nicn,  ns  one  of  the  threat  ciuics  tor  the  present  war.  ^Ir.  Fester  in  his 
letter  of  Jim e  1,  1812,  to  I\Ir.  Monroe  says,  "  I  have  it  in  charge  to  re- 
peat to  you,  Sir,  for  the  information  of  your  i;overnmeiit,  that  the  f;ovein- 
ment  of  His  Uoyal  Highness  the  F'rince  Regent  will  co:itinuL'  to  j^ive  the 
inost  positive  orders  against  the  detention  of  American  ciiizens  on  board 
his  Majesty's  ships  ;  and  that  no  ditVicuIties,  beyond  what  are  recpiisite 
for  clearly  ascertaining  the  national  character  of  individuals,  whose  cases 
are  brought  before  the  Lorils  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty,  will  be 
interposed  to  prevent  or  delay  their  iintuediate  discharfie."  The  impress- 
ment of  our  seamen  is  a  wrong,  which  ought  to  he  redressed,  not  pallmted. 
But  the  vvhole  number  of  our  impressed  seamen  according  to  the  most 
ienglhencd  list  ever  pretended  l»y  the  advocates  for  the  preu'ut  war,  is 
very  small  indeed,  compared  \^■ith  the  n«n\ber  of  Persons  held  iu  ahxiUite 
slavery,  eveu  in  ihe  fingle  state  of  Virginia.    Iliccae  oi  ihf  southern 


of 

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izcd 

sea- 
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re- 
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be 
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HTst 

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Uitf 


by  Frrnch  crii'r.i;is,  ami  manuclcJ  aiu!  couGucd  in  I'rLiich  prif. 

IVrsoiis  fill  iiiio  Ihi^  liaiul  of  in.'ii,  wIumi  iciliucil  to  ;'.  'A'Ac  of 
filavtry.  \\\  fiiul  IK)  I'KMiliiMi  of  .sl:ius  l)cfor»;  Jlic  (lchii;f  ;  hut 
of  iIh;-*'  ill  a  biitf  of  f!. ivory  aflcrvv.ud  \<'v  rc.ul  uficit  in  sciipMuc  ; 
as  wc  d(j  in  Viwiou:?  Iii.roriis  iUU'i  tit  anil  nujilorn.  'i'iu'  ilonuusi 
Jiad  iiKiny  bl.iM'j,  fiver  whom  tlioy  I.fld  the  jio'-ut  of  lif.' and  dcatli. 
Thf  ll»'li)(;i  wfit;  iii.uk'  slaves  by  ilu-  S;)ail(in.s,  tj(\m,'d  in  a  barlja- 
roiis  iiianaLT,  and  ofini  innrdfrnl  without  .'uiy  slicv;  of  jiintici*.  In 
inodorci  tinics,  ihc  Indi.ms  of  south  Aiuciici  wci.!  reduced  to  tlic 
most  ahj'.'cl  soiviuidc  by  the  Spaniards,  and  coMi,>flIi'J  to  were  out 
their  wr.;lc'i]i:d  livfs*in  dis:nal  mine:;,  to  enrjcli  iln-ir  iinri;jhtoou3 
8ubju;afoi-s,  and  cnnl  opj'ressors.  I  ui'.^ht  nivi-tion  tlie  aliused 
nci^rues  in  sonih  Aimi  rica  ami  the  Werif-India  islands.  IJut  to 
eome  nearer  honu',  jnsfire  and  re:; "id  to  truih  demand,  that  1  inon- 
lion  n  fact  so  di"i»;ra(ofiil  to  my  country,  as  th.*  slavery  of  the 
people  of  collar,  in  this  laiid  of  boasted  liberty,  and  that  in  some 
of  the  western  and  soutlicrn  stulo«  thoutandi.  and  thouiauds  aro 
held  by  th'.'  t^roai  oni-s  of  the  land  in  toilioute  bondage,  ad.ninis- 
terinc;  to  the  jiride,  wealfh  and  inftuence   of  thiir  lordly  masters.*" 

Persons  n\a)  be  &.;i;!  to  fall  into  the  Jiand  of  man,  w  !ien  tlii^y 
ari)  exposed  tut!)'.'  fury  of  treaeherons  men,  of  lawl.ss  mob-^,  or  of 
an  unrosliained  anil  niijirinci|/led  soldioiy.  As  inr.tances,  1  might 
rncnii'jn  the  triaeherons  jnassacri:  of  the  Sliechemites  by  the  sons 
of  Jacob  (Gen.  31  chap.);  aud  the  murder  of  the  suns  of 
Jerubbaal,  by  Abimi'leeh,  who  hired  vain  and  liijht  persons, 
which  followed  biin,  and  he  wont  unto  his  Tither's  house  at  Oph- 
vali,  and  slew  of  his  brelhien  throe  iicorc*  and  tea  j)ersons. 
Jiidi^.  9  ch.  Among  events  of  latter  limes,  1  mi^ht  ineniiua  "  the 
barlurous  massacres  of  France  isi  the  16th  century,  in  which  the 

sliives  is  hopeless,  hut  it  is  the  opinion  of  not  a  tew  airiOHT;  our  most  patri- 
otic and  best  intoiincd  men,  that  the  sulijei-t  oC impressm  :n'.  nii'^ht  have 
been  hnuurably  adjuhtod  without  war.  On  'his  subject  oiir  Re[)it'beiita- 
tive,  Mr.  Sullivini  huys,  "  \Vc  have  been  told  that  iiei;ociaii'in  had  bicu 
tried  until  it  had  Ijeconie  liopelcis.  Is  this  true  ?  Documents  in  tlie  of- 
fice of  the  Secretary  of  State  prove  that  it  is  not  true."  He  says  t'lirther, 
"  Will  war  procure  tlieir  release  ?  Who  is  so  blind  as  not  t(»  see  lliat  if 
war  should  continue  for  live,  ten,  or  twenty  years  our  unforluiiate  euun- 
tryinen  will  ije  detained  on  board  Hiiti'ih  Sliips  ;  and  that  liundredB  aud 
thousands  will  be  added  to  the  nimd.er  ?'' — Mr.  Sidtiiuii's  Speech  a!  the 
liocldtii^ham  ConvrntiOiiof  Ih''.  VrUnds  of  Peace. 

•  Acrordini;  to  the  census  of  1810  there  were  in  Oil.  and  ^liss.  51.748 
iluvf'S,  (leor,  10.3,  MO.  S.  Caro.  lOO.nti'i.  JC.  aud  W.  Tenn.  41,:.:55. 
N.Car.  l(i»/J'-!l-  K<.-n.  {30,501.  Virn.  .S!:»i,.5U}.  iMaiyl.  111,502.  In 
N.York,  15,017.  N.  Jcr.  10,851.  Del  1,17.  Con.  310.  It.  Isl.  108. 
In  Oliio,  Vermont,  xMassachusetib  and  N.  Hampshire  none.    .     .  ^  ;  . 


{ 


f 


4^. 


'^:i     i 


ucrii  hnn^vten  rtfiiscil  olinTioDrc  to  tlic;  cr'iol  nMnt!i!c?  of  l],a 
Frcm-li  .Moii.iri'h,  sayln;;  flin/  viin  l('i;al  pjit-cis  ami  only  ^  \c- 
ciih<l  tliosi"  flic  tiiirs-  condi-iiivcd,  "^'it  liiUnry  luars  li  "iliniuny 
that  tlio  Soldiers  I'crfor;!!','.!   Iltv  oIlUc,  nlikh  the  liati^^riian  iLfuj- 

I  iuii;lit  inonlion  tlie  massncroln  licltml  in  ICIO,  \s\nu  40jC'^-0 
Fiii;;!!^!!  iirottMants  wvxv  hillnl.  Cuiiiing  Jo  IIicm  lirni?,  I  x\\\^\'i 
mention  the  l);»rl)ari(it's  inllicli'il,  atul  niiTiliT  ruinniitiiil  !))•  thu 
late  I'1\tIoss  mob  at  H.iHiniorf,  an  oiitram' of  small  rxlcnt  coin* 
pared  >vith  thi»  former ;  hut  an  ouliagc  t'xric(lin;;ly  aii^rava'cd, 
whon  it  is  ronsiilcrcd  that  it  was  corni-.tittcd  in  uiir  land  of  liberty, 
vho"5e  rxcolli'nt  constitutions  am!  laws  cn^'ai^c  fcnirity  to  the 
property  and  pcrso7T!^  Ihc  rights  and  liberties  of  the  people. 

SVlicn  David  jaid,  Let  nic  not  fall  into  (he  hand  of  inaii,  he 
gpecially  nferred  to  ihe  deitriutivf  cH't  els  of  Waii.  »nore  terrible 
in  liis  cs(iniati(tn,  than  fatnine  or  j:e5(ilenct\  ^\  i...  nmon^  tlic 
.sons  of  tiien  could  jii(li;c  nuTO  accurately  of  war  than  D.ivid  ? 
lie  had  been  conversant  with  its  trctr.ondous  ^ccnes.  llis  car;? 
had  been  accustomed  to  *'  the  confused  noi-c  of  the  warrior,"  and 
llis  eyes  to  the  shockin;;  si{;ht  of  "  garnicnls  rolled  in  blood." 
lie  was  not  a  stranger  cither  to  successful,  or  unsuccessful  war, 
lie  was  acquainted  with  the  c\ils  incident  to  it,  in  its  diversilicd 
forms  and  events.  In  view  of  the  coinjilicaied  miseries,  inflict- 
ed by  the  hands  of  unrelenting  men,  he  sluank  from  the  calam- 
ities of*  war,  rather  than  from '*  the  pestilence,  that  walkethiri 
darkness,  or  the  destruction,  lliat  wasteth  at  noon  day,"  whca 
from  the  immediate  hand  of  God,  From  our  context  it  appears, 
that  if  Israel  had  been  involved  in  war,  it  would  on  their  part  have 
been  unsuccessful  ;  but  tlic  words  imply,  that  it  would  have 
keen  so  only  three  months  ;  during  that  time,  they  were  to  Hee 
before  tlieir  pursuing  enemies,  whose  destroying  sword  would 
overtake  them. 

In  general,  (he  events  of  war  arc  various.  On  one  side  at 
least  its  calamities  fall  with  peculiar  weight,  and  usually  on  both 
its  evils  are  severe  and  extensive. 

A  painftil  subject,  the  evils  of  li-ar,  is  now  applicable  to  us, 
in  view  of  the  judgments,  which  have  fallen  and  are  falling  ou  our 
country. 

The  great  expense  of  treasure  vhicli  war  occasions,  is  com. 
paratively  a  small  part  of  the  waste  and  evil,  which  it  brings. 
What  is  the  mere  expense  of  war,  to  '*  the  sulTcrings,  and 
miserable  deaths  of  such  multitudes  of  human    creatures,  thougU 

♦  Quinry's  obsuTv.'itinns  oi\  ilie  act  of  parliament  commonly  culled  tli-^ 
Boston  port  bill,  with  tlvniiilits  on  elvit  society,  v\o.  published  in  177->. 
from  which  seveiftl  quotaiit^ns  in  these  sermons  are  taken. 


i  y 


I 


I 


s 


Kivry  o:io  of  tliiiu  is  a  iiumTci"  roiiinuKt.vl  hy  (!i(>  inidiors  oftltii 
c.«!.;:iity  ;  l)*.''Mti  tlio  iii);;ii!ii'r.iM('  <l';.  m-imm  of  n-liUi  in>  ami 
fri>'in!%  <!i.M!(.>.!sf.'»i  .!is,  iu'iimi 'iiiti'.'-',  .i  uI  \M.|.i'tl..«".Si'S  of  cvr.y 
Jiiiul,  mI.uIi  iu'>cr  fail  tn  h»>  it-  .iif»iu!.ifi(>."v  'I'la- «  x,.rnM'  of  »v.»r, 
tliMii.;h  Mil  il!,  (•<>;ini.jr((l  »•.  ifli  jioujc  of  Us  oihiT  I'vils,  is  ^rtat  in 
lluU  cou;i(lri('(J  ;  for  wii  diriHiy  Iciiils  lo  iliain  ilic  itboiirrcs  of 
II  finiiitr)  aiiil  iiDiMUiMi.li  it!,  iiili:il)i(.iiii;i.  Tl>itii;);s  ticci's;.;r)  for 
tlic  j'.iyiMfnt  of  ill  lilies  f'^r  '•'•I'sijlanri',  niilit.iry  sfon-s,  Sec.  i>ucl1 
tho  iiaiion.Al  r.v;ii'nsfH,  Wuralwr^s  iiitci  rti;,(.-i  aiid  soiiu (i;iu':{ 
tu'arly  d-stroys  camtnjrcr,  anil  ihiisdrii:,  up  a  foii;if;ii'»  ofr«'Vcnuc. 
To  cnriy  on  war,  biinljiiiomc  ta\t s  citluT  din-c  (ly,  <'r  indlrecily 
under  tht;u;irn»' of  d"tirs,  .irc  laid  iijioti  ili.- jx-oidc.  Stall  buidc:iJi 
are  more  ^;rcvioiis  to  Ij-j  httrii,  Nccaiisi-  v  n  to  .■-iifli  f»  di'fc;n.".'  rlic(  !:s, 
6>.ai;n<'if('.s  aiul  pahics  comnicrce,  men  f:.uid!?:t.',  hade  and  u!;nost 
oil  kinds  of  bii'inri^?,  wliicli  (louri.h  io  times  of  pcaci*,  th?.t 
thcic  is  !i'S3  cncoura^tiKpat  to  "utrrjiriro,  atwi  li'sa  aljility  to-tncct. 
iocrcaiiii^  expenses.  To  ii)\\k\  rv. ^nr.sivc  .".rr.ies,  fa.idlies  an-  of- 
ten  put  lo  great  iiiCimvcnieuccs,  straits,  am!  din'uulties.  JIus- 
5)auds  or  oilier  rct.iti'>ii«,  oti  Hho;ii  fainiliis  d'jj.end,  are  l.»!;cn 
from  llit'ir  homes,  frcjiu  labors  by  >v|iii:!i  th.y  were  roiid ''):if. 
Ing  to  tfu!  comfort  and  iiiiproxiny  ilie  eirciinisfancc^  of  tliclr 
families  ;  by  N?Iiieli  they  wern  useful  to  tliose  nrouud  tl'icm,  and 
thiia  coe.tribuliiig  to  t!ie  \!nbiic  proi|<erit.y.  This  eu!  of  war, 
its  Rrcat  expense,  apjioars  Increased  atid  ng[,'rava(cd,  ivfieri  \vc 
consider  not  only  t!>c  \a?it  amount  ncceisaiy  to  cirry  on  a  \var, 
but  also  the  private  and  public  loss,  wliieli  Is  oecasionLd  by  such* 
nuniborr>  bcint;  taken  from  the  peaceful  and  useful  einpio)  ir.ents  of 
private  life.  If  wars  for  coiupiest  somiitiinrs  incn-ase  (lie  power 
and  wealth  of  tlm  greedy  and  Hnil)iu  »tis  tyrants  who  wage  thcrn, 
\ii  most  cases  they  waste  tlie  sul)stancc,  aud  diminish  tlic  pros])cri« 
ty  of  nations. 

Look  back  to  the  last  war  in  this  country,  and,  a  f'^v  excepted, 
did  not  the  soldiery  in  t^eneral  serve  a  tiard  siTviccj  and  rcturo, 
such  as  survived  to  return,  emi.ly  as  tljcy  vveni? 

JJy  war  the  public  becomes  involved  in  debts,  from  which  it 
reijulrrs  years  and  ycs-iS  of  peace  to  recover,  and  wlileh  must  at 
last  be  paid  by  furth«;r  burdens  liid  upon  the  people.  If  we 
would  count  the  cost,  let  us  view  some  of  the  expenses  of  the  war, 
in  which  these  states  were  formerly  inv  dvcd  with  (xreat-Dritian, 
Accordin;/  to  the  Amerlc?.a  edition  of  Kncyclopedia  published  ia 
1790,  '* the  cost  to  (ireat-Uiitian  is  moderately  compultd  at 
115,651, 'Jl  4  i.Sc  the  addition;:!  anniiiil  burthen  »)y  it,atJ,6.';7,5/\"'^. 
siiiri' J.inu  iry  1775.  I  do  uot  recollect  having  seen  any  climate 
<if  the  wh(dc   expense   of  the  war  lo  these  United  States,     liul  I 


•S> 


e'er 


'«&: 


I;     'it 


9 


have  firon  a  sfatcniont  of  tlic  (l.b(s,  in  wliiih  (]ili  CiTinfry  v/as  in- 
volviil  af  the  close  of  (lii:  nar,  so  far  as  (licy  cotild  be.  then  iiscer. 
tairiod.  In  the  adilrt-s  of  Con^ross  to  Ific  States  in  17S3,  tlifj 
Uniti'il  Stall's  di-Ms  v/rri'  csflmatcil  at  4-jOOO, 370  dollar^,  and  tha 
annual  iiitiMcst  at  2,415,05fj  dMllars.^" 

Jjv.t  us  turn  froti)  tlit.;  cxiiciis'.:s  to  view  soinc  oilier  evils  of  war, 

A  slate  of  war  is  unfavorable  to  thci  promoti'j'^  of  useful 
knowledge.  Amid  the  juivations  and  burthens,  the  terrors  and 
distresses  of  war,  the  advancement  of  seienec  and  the  peaceful  arts 
is  impeded.  I5y  war  tlie  beautiful  worlisboili  of  nature  and  art 
arc  demolished.  The  pleasant  f;rovr3  and  fertile  fields  are  laid 
Avaste,  the  humble  dwelling  once  the  abode  of  contentment  and 
peace,  together  with  the  stately  edifice,  and  the  temple  of  tijc 
Most  High,  the  God  of  peace,  are  swept  away  by  war,  that 
*'  besom  of  dest niello n,^' 

War  produces  private  and  public  misery.  Its  evils  often  fall 
heavy,  sometimes  heaviest  ou  the  common  people,  even  though 
they  do  not  desire  it.  *'  Private  soldiers,  snld  Tiberius  Gracchus, 
fight  and-  die  to  advance  the  wealth  and  luxury  of  the  great." 
War  is  sometimes  carried  into  peaceful  territories,  and  pours 
desolation  on  those,  who  have  wished  no  ill  and  iuficted  no  in- 
juries on  their  murderers. 

"When  wc  consider  the  evils  of  marllimc  war,  (he  principles 
ond  eflects  oi privateering  cannot  eseajie  our  notice.  This  hind 
of  warfare  seems  to  be  aimed  chiefly  at  the  private  property  of 
defen.'eless,  and  perhajs  peaceably  disposed  individuals.  If  thi? 
kind  of  warfare  is  allowed  by  the  Ia\f  of  nations,  does  it  seem 
consistent  with  the  law  of  love,  prescribed  by  Hitn,  who  judgctli 
among  the  nations  ?  Does  it  seem  consistent  -.uth  that  christian  prc- 
ccj)t,  '*all  things  whatsoever  ye  would  that  men  should  do  to  j-ou,do 
yc  even  so  to  them  :  for  this  is  the  l.iw  and  the  prophets  ?"  Who  can 
doubt  tlie  dctnoralizing  cfi'ects  of  a  kind  of  warfare,  whose  ain)  13 
booty,  and  which  tends  to  reconcile  and  habituate  those  who  arc 
engaged  in  it,  to  acts  of  plunder  as  well  as  scenes  of  carnage? 
"Would  you  view  the  miseries  of  naval  war  in  its  more  gigantic 
forms  ?  See  the  embattled  ships,  hear  the  reiterated  roaring  of  their 
cannon,  think  of  the  mangled  limbs  of  your  fellow  creatures, 
carried  away  to  satiate  the  monsters  of  the  deep ;  observe 
the  stricken  colors,  and  (he  wretched  captives,  the  halt,  the 
maimed  and  mangled,  crowded  in  clojc  confinement,  aniiil  the 
shouts  of  their  victors  ! — Or  see  the  shivered,  but  unyielding  tlag 

♦According  to  the  statement  in  niodj;et's  F.rontmiea  the  public  debt 
of  the  Unilfd  States  in  1701  vas  priiiripiil  ;muI  intertst  7(3,781,95;'.  (inlU. 
and  7C  cents.  In  Mr.  Giilhlin's  answer  of  .Tai),  10,  181'J  to  the  ehiiir- 
man  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means,  it  is  stated,  that  "  the  aiuu;.d 
interest  on  the  cxistin;^  debt  amounts  to  !2/J  JO.OOO  dolb,'' 


A 


J 


\        ; 


( 


•  I 


10 


follyv.in^  lis  slnlving  ik^fciulirs ! — Or  l)cliolJ  the  tliip  on  ftrej 
hour  (!u;  (romciuluous  cxplofion  of  (Im  bursliiii,'  powder  room, 
scattuiii)^;  (o  (lie  wiiuls  and  wave?;  tlic  helpless  crew — and 
hurr)iiii;  tlivir  immorlal  souls  into  cfcinity.  "Would  you 
view  tho  evils  of  niaiitinic  war,  inflieted  en  the  defenceless  sca- 
boaid  of  a  country?  Observe  the  consternation  and  distress  of 
the  inhabitants  on  (he  approach  of  fri[;ates  and  ships  of  war ; 
behold  (owns  and  cities  falling  in  ruin,  ;.'v  involojjod  in  flame,  and 
crowds  of  disconsolate  inhabitantSj  flyingin  wild  diiiniay  from  the 
liorrid  scene  of  carnage  and  desolation  ! 

Coiif/ider  the  ill  cflects  of  uar  concerninfj  those,  who  form  tl;e 
land  armies.  If  soldiers  survive  the  sliock  of  battle,  not  only 
their  health,  but  their  moral  principles  and  habits  are  endangered 
by  (he  great  change  in  their  mode  of  life.  Many,  it  is  to  be  fear- 
ed, having  changed  their  ordinary  and  peaceful  occupations  fov 
varying  and  tumultuojis  scenes,  the  mixed  society,  the  alternate 
idleness  aud  fatigues  of  the  camp,  will  form  such  piinciplcs -*ncl 
habits  as  will  unfit  them  for  returninfj  again  to  sober  anil 
regular  employments.  If  some  of  sound  and  e;  lablishcd  principles 
and  habits  maintain  (heir  integrity,  an  army  must  be  allowed  to 
be  "  an  ill  nursery  for  young  men."  a  situation  of  temptations 
and  of  danger  to  the  morals  and  characters  of  such  as  are  not 
well  established  in  the  ways  of  virtue,  and  in  wliich  even  such  are 
exposed  to  dangerous  temptations. 

The  demoralizing  tfiects  of  war  are  generally  if  not  universally 
aclvnowlcdgcd.  Aged  persons  observe,  and  I  believe  it  is generaU 
]y  allowed,  that  increasing  violations  of  tlie  sabbath  and  disregarOt 
to  public  \vorshi[)arc  among  the  evils,  which  to  this  time  are  felt, 
and  arc  to  be  traced  as  cfi'ecfs  of  a  stale  of  war,  w  lien  it  was  last 
experienced  in  this  country.  Necessity  was  (hen  urged  for 
inarching  troops,  conveying  intcllii'enee,  transporting  mililary 
stores,  &c.  Though  necessity  at  (hat  time,  the  practice  of  using 
the  sabbath  as  a  common  day  having  become  customary,  laws  have 
since  been  found  inell'ectual  to  restrain,  even  where  there  has  been 
religious  principle  enough  to  make  laws  for  that  purpose.  On 
every  sabbath  we  notice  these  things.  Even  our  public  stages,  if 
not  authorized  and  directed,  seem  statedly  from  morning  to  night 
to  trample  on  God's  holy  day  unrebuked.  The  violation  of  the 
sabbatli  is  one  of  the  many  demoralizing  ell'ccts  of  war,  I  name  this 
particnlsrly  because  so  evident  to  us  all. 

**  War  not  only  takes  oil  the  public  attention  from  domestic 
concerns,  furnishes  occasion  for  abuses,  obstructs  the  remedy  of 
inconveniences,  till  they  grow  inveterate  and  hard  to  cure;  in  short, 
disorders  and  nnliinges  the  whole  system  of  civil  all'airs  ;  but  war 
is  also  a  state  of  no  less  wickedness  than  calamity  and  terror. 
Whenever  it  breaks  cut^  one  side,  at  least,  must  have  acted 


^/ 


1 


( 


II 


<• 


£ric7on'']y  cor.lravy  to  luiiiiuiill^  p.nd  juslicc  ;  contrary  (oo,  iu 
all  liUtliMoodj  to  Solemn  trciilics  ;  am!  Hi  tt  from  no  belter  motive <j 
i!iai»  little  rcoCiitTiiL'''",  gri)iKitlIt.-3'i  or  di^tiuU  fi'ar.^,  ca;;crnos3  of 
g-iinhig  luincccfsiiry  atlvanfn:;(s,  nstloss  atnljitlon,  false  i;lnry,  or 
vautonncss  of  pov.er.  To  snr!i  (!cti'sta!)!e  ictuls  are  wliolc  aiiiilf.i 
anil  nations  tlclibcratc'ly  sacrifu'ccl;  though  every  stifTvriiig,  lhi!3 
caused  is  t;  heinous  crime,  anil  i-vrry  I'eath  a  inutilcr.  Nor  will 
tile  siilc,  which  at  first  is  more  innoccnlj  fail  in  the  progress  to  be 
guilty  of  many  shocking  tran'j;,;ressions  in  common  with  the  other; 
Tho  whole  body  of  a  people  are  apt  to  grow  uncharitable,  unpity- 
ing,  implacable  J  anil  the  soliliery  will  plunge  of  course  into 
cruelty,  rapine,  profanencs3,  lewdness  and  intemperance."* 

War  diminishes  tlie  jjoptihtiou  of  a  country.  What  multi- 
tudes did  war  devour  in  ancient  times.  ^V'c  read  of  an  hundred  and 
twenty  thousand  men  killed  in  oncd.iy;  and  at  another  time  of  five 
luindred  thousand  slain  in  one  battle.  In  modern  warfare  no  single 
battle  has  cfTecle  I  such  amazing  carna;;^e.  lint  "every  battle  of 
the  warrior  is  with  confused  noise,  .".nd  garments  rolled  in  blood." 
According  to  t!ic  accounts,  which  I  have  seen  of  the  former  war  . 
7}ctvveen  this  country  and  Great  Britain,  (heirs  was  the  greater 
loss  of  treasure,  ours  the  griMler  loss  of  lives.  CJicat  Britain, 
says  Dr.  H:imsay,  vviuled  t!ie  lives  of  at  least  50,000  of  her 
Subjects.  In  the  Encyeloj)edi.\  it  is  said,  *'  The  Slates  of  America, 
accordii::?  to  autheutic  estimates,  lost  by  tha  svyord  and  in  ;»risou 
near  80,000  men." 

1  have  not  mentioned  the  wasting  diseases  of  the  camp,  and 
the  infectious  air  of  hospitals,  notwithstandin:;  the  best  surgi- 
cal skill,  and  most  luitnane  attentions,  which  the  circum- 
stances of  an  army  will  admit.  And  tlie  tongue  faultcrs, 
while  it  speaks  of  the  carnage  and  woes  of  the  *'  day  of  battle 
and  war  ;"  the  horrid  din  and  roar  of  arms  ;  the  blood  stained 
field  ;  the  corpses  of  the  slain  ;  the  cries  of  the  wounded;  the 
groans  pf  the  dying  ! — Nor  can  I  attem  pt  to  describe  the  deep 
and  continual  "  grief  of  surviving  relations  and  friends  !" — But 
this  is  not  all.  Souls  arc  hurried  in  a  moment  from  the  heat  of 
battle,  when,  as  iherc  is  reason  to  believe,  least  conscious  of  the 
awful  realities  which  await  thenj,  into  a  world  of  retribution  ! 
*'  Said  an  eminent  Puritan  in  his  sermon  preached  In  this  country 
more  than  IGO  years  ago,  a  day  of  battle  is  a  day  of  harvest  for 
the  devil!" 

Tliat  there  have  been  many  pio^is  soldiers  we  have  no  reason  to 
tlpubt  ;  but  wc  have  re.;son  to  believe,  that  many,  who  engage,  in 
war,  do  it  nolwitlistanding  all  it,-?  danger?,  without  any  just 
conctrn  for  their  eternal  ].eacc. 


''i 


*  Seeker. 


12 


for 

n  to 

;e,  in 

just 


^' V.'ar  (cmls  to  dosdoy  all  that   prospfrUy  ulucii  peace  tcnc): 
to  prod'jci'.        Var  tlimiiiislu's  tlio  iiuial)i.'is  aud  wablcs  tlic  \vc:iUh 


o 


f  iiat 


KMIS^ 


ar  oI)stiuct!>  tlic  progress  of  science  and  destroys 
the  works  of  .^'^cs.  War  corrupts  I  lie  hearts  and  lives  of  men, 
and  wounds  the  interests  of  rclinion  and  morality.  "War  spreads 
'  a  general  {;loonj  over  the  beantifnl  face  of  nature  ;  disturbs  thu 
jxMce  and  destroys  the  liopes  of  families,  and  pierces  the  bosoms 
of  old <and  young  with  the  keenest  anguish  and  distress.  Itis 
impossible  to  paint  the  horrors  of  war,  and  all  its  attendant 
miseries.  It  will  apjiear  in  its  truest  li'',ht  in  contrast  with- the 
blrssin^sof  peace.  And  to  vie'.v  it  in  tills  dreadful  lii;ht,  wc  need 
only  turn  our  eyes  to  Europe.  It  has  there  spilt  the  blood  of 
millions.  It  has  there  trampled  upon  all  laws  human  and  divine. 
It  has  there  laid  waste  the  labors  and  wisdom  of  ages.  It  has 
(here  spread  ignorance,  infidelity,  vice  and  misery,  through  a 
large  portion  of  the  globe.  In  a  word,  war  is  the  calamity  of 
calamities,  and  the  greatest  of  all  natural  and  national  evils."* 

If  war  is   so  great  an  evil,  it   ought   i»ot   to    be   underta!;cri 
•  without  the  clearest  cause,  icithnut  rcawris  cvcrij  v:nj  actcquaic 
and  s'ujjicienl  to  ju^ilifif  it.      In    viekv  of  its  evils,  Divid  wijcly 
decided  against  war,  rather  than  other  desolating  judunienls. 

if  Divid  had  fallen  into  the  hand  of  man,  some  hope  in  his 
case  would  still  have  remained.  '  He  had  reason  to  espcct  the 
>var  would  be  of  short  continuance,  yet  he  considered  it  a  more 
dreadful  judgment,  than  famitie  or  pestilence.  How  then  ought 
our  minds  to  be  solcmmzrd,  when  wc  consider,  that  not  even  a 
choice  of  jtidgmonts  is  ofl' red  to  us  ;  that  we  have  no  [)roinise  of 
a  speedy  tenniualion  of  the  war  in  wiiicli  we  are  involved  ;  that 
no  finite  being  can  answer  the  anxious  inquiry,  When  shall  the 
end  be  ? 

May  the  God  of  peace  haye  mercy  upon  us,  for  Christ's 
sake*     Amen. 

*  Emmons> 


\ 


I 


!■ 


J  I 


»  •• 


SERMON. 


DEUTERONOMY  iv.  GO,  r.l, 

frhen  thou  art  in  tril'iihidon,  and  all  thcsr  thuij^s  are  coinrvpon  thee, 
€vcn  in  the  lalUr  (1iuis,ifthov  turn  to  the  Lnrdthi/  Gnrl^nnd  i;htilt  be  obedi- 
ent I'.ufn  his  vo'cc,  (Jar  the  Lord  Ihjj  Cod  is  a  merciful  God,)  he  nill  7iot 
Jorsahe  thee,  neither  drstroj  ihcc,  nor  forget  the  covenant  oftlijfathefs^ 
Tvhich  he  saarcunfotheni. 

■  THIS  cliapkT  begins  with  cnrnoslcxliorlatlons  (o  obey  God. 
It  prorct'lib  wi(h  |)ro;)lu'tic  wariiirii^s  of  the  conscquoncos  of  dis. 
obi'dicMCi-,  and  wiih  tiiulors  of  mercy  to  the  sinceroly  ponitcrit. 
In  forcsi:;Iit  of  Israel's  bacU^liilings  and  disobedionco  and  of  the 
ralaniitics,  which  ihcy  would  tluss  bring  upon  thomsclvcs,  a  merci- 
ful, thojigh  avingini;  God,  pointed  out  to  them  in  the  text  the 
only  way  of  diiiy  and  of  liopc  in  stich  a  time;  turn  to  the  LurJ 
thy  G')d  and  l)e  (»l)edient  unto  \\\s  voice;  comprising  in  this  short 
sentence  their  duty  to  tlienisilves,  their  country  and  their  God. 

The  pious  anion;;  tiie  Jews  esteemed  this  passa'^e  exceedingly 
precicMi5.  Ju  a  timo  of  great  distress,  when  Ahasucrus  had  been 
pciRcadcd  to  issue  a  decrie,  threateninc;  the  ruin  of  the.  Jev^s, 
the  humfile  and  pioub  Morderai  is  said  to  have  caused  the  book  of 
the  law  to  be  l)rought  to  the  i;ateShiriiian,  covered  with  sackcloth, 
and  therein  to  have  read  to  the  assembled  afilicled  Jews  the  words 
of  our  text.*  '*  When  thou  art  in  tribulation  and  all  these  things 
are  come  upon  thee  even  in  the  latter  days,  if  thou  turn  to  the 
Lord  thy  God,  and  shalt  be  obedient  unto  his  voice,  (for  the 
Lord  thy  God  is  a  merciful  God,)  he  will  not  forsak  ,  thee,  nei- 
ther destroy  the,  ntu*  forget  the  covenant  of  thy  fathers,  which  he 
sware  unto  them." 

These  words  seem  pertinent  to  our  present  circumstances,  and 
may  lead  us  to  consider  the  tribulations,  which  have  come  upon  us, 
and  the  duties  \t!iich  in  this  season  of  calamity  wc  owe  to  our« 
selves,  our  country,  and  our  God. 

The  tribulations,  which  have  come  upon  us,  are  many  ;  bnt 
those,  which  stand  foremost,  demandiut;  our  special  considcratiou 
on  this  occasion,  are  z:ar  icitk  a  foreign  potsery  and  ilivii<ion 
among  oursclvas. 

Some  of  llie  evils  and  miseries  of  war  were  in  snme  measure 
described  in  the  muiuin^'x  discourse.     Let  inc  dow  quote  to  yon 

•  Patrick's  comment,  on  Esth.  -4. 


^..} 


^ 


t     . 


14    ' 


tlie  u.iiailis  of  a  pious  coiriMcntator  o-i  the  liil)lc,  subjoined  to 

SoiiU!  |iass;i,';r;i  of  scri[iluro,  v.  !iicl»  rccoid  thcilroadful  eirccts  of  uar, 

"NV.ir  i?  an  n|)|)c;il  to  Un.-  riijlitcou'i  C-ovcriior  of  llie  Vii.rld,  and 

•lioiilil  l)c  uiuli.ii.iki;i  .w.A   I'omliictal   upon  sucli  principles,   nud 

Iti  aii   cases  the  horrors  of  vsar 


(I 


sutli  only,  as  he  appiovo: 
miibt  give  pa'uj  to  l!v.*.  fcL'Iiu;^  lic.irt  on  every  recollection  ;  and 
can  only  h\:  consiikncil  as  cviticncts  of  thj  depravity  of  man, 
Ihc  power  of  s;Uan  and  tin:  just  vengeance  of  God,  wlio  iliuc 
»icour;^es  Ji\viclu.d  v-orld."  '*  Tlio  promptitude  of  nuinkliul  to  war 
lunicnl.ibly  proclaims  tlie  depravity  of  our  nature  af>d  the  influence, 
that  the  fV-'*t  murderer  of  budies  and  souisi  has  upon  the  minds  of 
men  ever  in  the  detennlnalioria  of  senates  and  in  t!ie  cabinets 
of  king.".  Nor  can  v;iln  glorious  conunanilers  more  delight  in 
^ee.Ui^g  renown,  power  or  revetige,  by  the  destruction  of  the 
huiiMti  sjiecies,  than  their  inferiors  do,  in  listing  under  their  ban- 
ners, seconding;  their  aims,  and  rushinjT  upon  diinger  and  death, 
Ihp.t  they  may  attempt  tlie  slaughter  of  thor.e  who  never  injured, 
or  even  saw  them  !"  *'  The  aunab;  of  mankind  form  one  continu- 
cd  narration  of  blood,  slied  in  tiic  most  wanton  and  unnecessary 
manner,  in  pursuit  of  that  bui)ble,  honor,  or  in  Eeelcinj;  to*  wrest 
tl'.e  sword  of  veni;eance  froiji  tlie  Iiundy  of  the  Supreme  Judi;e? 
The  millions  tli;»t  have  thus  perished  miseriihly  Iiat<ful,  and  hating 
one  anc>thcr,  CAceed  s'.nvoGt  imagination."  *'  Yet  alJ  the  blood 
thus  shed  must  be  one  day  accounted  for,  as  for  murder,  on  whom- 
soever that  load  of  guilt  may  fall.  Surely  then,  war  should  be 
always  considered  as  t;ie  last  resource,  a  desperate  remedy,  never 
to  be  used  when  the  welfare  of  the  state  csn  be  otherwise  secured! 
A  righteous  cause,  a  willingness  for  peace  on  reasonable  term«,  anil 
a  well  grounded  conHdencc  in  God,  should  be  considered  as  tlic 
grand  requisiten,  in  ;i  e  mann^^einent  of  this  direful  appeal  to  thcs 
Supreme  Arbiter  of   Jngs  ami  nations."* 

I  will  alsj  cite  th:  observations  of  M.  dc  Vcittcl  in  his  Icno  of 
fialions.  He  speaks  of  v,ar  as  *'  but  a  wretched  expedient  against 
those,  who  spurn  at  justice  and  refuse  the  remonstrances  of  rca- 
son.  It  ii  in  extremities  only  that  a  just  and  wise  nation,  or  a 
gooJ  prince,  has  recourse  to  it.  Those,  who  run  to  arms  without 
necessity,  are  the  scourges  of  the  human  race,  barbarians,  enemies 
to  society  and  rebels  to  the  Uw  of  nature,  or  rather  to  the  com- 
mon Father  of  mankind.  Jf  umanity  is  shocked  at  a  sovereign, 
■who  lavishes  the  lives  of  his  subjects,  who  exposes  his  people  to 
trie  havoc  and  miseries  of  war,  when  they  mi;;ht  enjoy  an  honor- 
able and  salutary  peace.  JJesidcs  the  misfortunes,  drawn  on  his 
subject-),  for  vihich  he  is  accountable,  he  is  guilty  also  of  tho^e,  he 
carries  amidst  an  innoceut   people.     The  slaughlcr  of  men,  ths 

♦  Dr.  Scott  on  Dcut.  CO  and  2  Chron.  11. 


ti 


»C, 


>r' 


15 


|>2lK-g(!  of  rlllc?,  ilic  devaslailoM  cf  pro^ir;ce•!,  nrc  '.('•>'  rrl:,.i^.  Hi' 
is  ir.'.j)Oii.'ib!e  to  Crod  aiul  accomitiiblt'  to  iiririj  fur  c\ try  |-ci5oii 
Ihat  is  killiil.  Thu  violiiucs,  tlic  crimcr,  tlic  vruloii .  di.  cidt  i;, 
attt-ndaiit  on  ihc  licentious  lunr.ilt  cT  ariii^-,  j  cl'iifc  lii*:  co'.iccicnio 
mul  blaclion  liis  acc(.iinf,  as  hi*  is  the  orl^iiiil  a-jthor  of  tlitrr.  aU." 
In  tin:  holy  scrip  tint.:-,  ny  l)rfthrcii,  mc  riiu!  Mrittiu,  "  ]i'  i| 
1)C  |iuir.il)!t',  as  riiicli  as  lidli  in  yon,  live  peart aljly  v. i(!i  all  run. 

1  Di'arly  Lelovt-d,  avenge  not  ycMrH-lvc?,  'juI  rallur  give  j.lace  unto 
■wrath  :  for  it  is  written,  Vengianoe  is  mine  ;  1  uill  repay  t-ait'i 
the  Ijord."     ^Vh('n  ue  consirior,  ll;;il  intentionally  talcing,  or  be- 

'  ing  pnrpose'y  accissary  to  the  taking  away  cf  the  life  cf  a  fiUov/- 
creature,  by  any  unjii.nifuihlc  means,  and  Viiil.ont  a  justifiahl.-j 
causf,  is  a  violation  of  tliat  plain  law  of  Goil,  **  Thou  sJialt  not 
kill;"  V  lien  we  conililer  iliat  precept  of  the  gospel,  })nrlicular!y 
addressed  to  soldier.;,  "  Do  violence  to  no  n.an  ;"  when  we  also 
consider,  Ihat  othi^r  precept  of  tlio.  gospel,  ''  neither  be  parfa/.tt: 
of  other  men's  sins,"  we  infer,  that  any,  who  beccme  volunteer;! 
in  any  unjustiriablo  war,  if  they  know  it  to  be  such,  ])ar*al;e  cf 
the  sin  of  their  leaders,  and  accordittg  to  tlie  spirit  of  God's  la.v, 
arc  no  other  llian  murderers. 

With  respect  to  the  right  of  snbjocts  to  judge  of  tlie  l.iwfuhuk-i 
of  war,  I  will  cite  tlie  obH-rvations  of  (rrotius,  a  writer  of  note, 
who  has  been  considered  by  rulers  of  our  vwn  and  other  rations 
a?  valual)li  atitiiority.     Sjealinj;  of  subjects  beiui;  eomraanded  to 


engage  »'.»    war. 


lie   says 


)■ 


If 


COVlllUhU 


led  tl 


erenrito,  r.s  usv.ully 


ihey  are,  tlun  if  it  bo  evidc::/  to  them^  that  the  cause  Ite  unjusi 
they  ought  riUogcllier  to  /c'r(?n\':r,  for  that  f7c'J  is  rall.er  lobe 
obeyed  than  men.  To  justify  subjects  for  refusing  to  execute 
the  wicked  commands  of  their  princes,  v,e  lave  several  eiianiplcu 
in  sacred  story."  *'  We  conclude  (lie  says)  ihAt  where  the  subject 
dotli  not  only  doubt  the  lawfulness  of  the  war,  but  Is  by  very  prob- 
able arguments  induced  to  believe  it  unjust,  especially  if  the  war  be 
offensive  and  tiot  defensive,  he  is  bound  to  abstain." 

How  far  this  nation  will  be  suffered  to  irfiict  the  calanuties  cf 
war  or^  the  inliabitants  of  the  Canadas  and  ether  territories  of  C. 
Britain  on  this  eonlinent;  how  much  their  armies  may  be  suflercd 
to  injure  us  ;  and  what  evils  their  thousand  shijs  of  war  may  be 
suffered  to  inflict  on  our  many  absent  and  uuprotccted  merchant- 
men, and  on  our  almost  defenceless  sea  coast,  remains  in  futurity. 

Division  among  ourselves  is  Ihc  other  great  tribulatirn,  which 
in  this  season  of  calamity  and  war  demands  our  cnrsidi  ration. 
That  there  is  a  great  division  among  us  as  a  people^  on  the  subject 
of  the  present  war,  is  well  known.  However  well  those  on  dill'i  rent 
sides  of  the  question  may  mean,  and  tlonth  all  have  a  right  to 
think  and  judge  for  themselves,  it  is  not  to  be  supposed,  where 
there  IS  a  great  division,  that  the  opinions  of  all  arc  correct.     Iq 


v^ 


iG 


-i 


I 
I  , 


the  prcsoiif  c.i'c,  ihcTc  'n  cjc:\t  room  and  |jro;i(  occ;i',!on  for  JIic  cs~ 
crcisc  of  ih.H  (Mmltir,  wluih  is  pvifn  i)y  consisknl  with  (lit-  frt-o- 
ilom  of  oj'iiiioii  ai\(5  Sjk'OcI.,  ami  v^itli  ituiciiciulciii'L*  and  liriMMoss 
of  coiulucf.  It  is  a  Kfs  tvil  for  a  coiiiitry  lo  be  di\ii!(  i!,  fliati  for 
alt  to  he  ii!;rcti!  in  what  h  v,roii£:.  D'lt  iinioii  in  tlut,  \\hii;l»  is 
r}(;h(,  is  greatly  to  he  desired.  Division  wealirns  and  tends  to  the 
ruin  of  a  ('oniinnnily.  A  house,  or  kingdom  divided  aijainst  itself, 
if  its  division  continue,  cannol  stand.      If  any  ;^ood  cari  come  out 


)ar. 


/  of  so  bail  a  tliini;  as  division,  it  may  ho  this,  its  renderint,'  at!  | 
ties  watchful  of,  and  guarded  anainst  encroaeliinents  upon  our  civil 
lights.  The  iniprovemcnt  to  l)e  made  of  tlie  calamity  of  division 
.  vsdouhlkss  tliis,  (hat  we  he  duly  hnnil)le  on  account  of  if,  tfiaf  wo 
study  mutual  forbearance  ;  that  \vc  each  a;rant  to  otiiers  the  lil)er- 
ly  we  claim  for  ojirselve?  ;  that  we  "follow  after  tht:  thini;'-,  wlslt  h 
make  for  |)cace,  and  things  wherewith  one  may  idify  another ;" 
that  we  avoid  bitterness  and  aniniosities,  so  that  we  may  *•  not 
bite  and  devour  one  another,  nor  be  devoured  one  of  another." 
Division  among  a  peojdc  is  a  great  calamity  in  time  of  peace  ;  in 
a  time  of  war  far  greater  ;  for  it  is  nr)  small  thin;^  for  a  people  to 
carry  <»ii  a  uar,  even  when  they  have  the  clearest  cause, ^nd  arc 
generally  united  in  it. 

On  the  su!)jeel  of  the  present  war  lliero  Is  a  grrot  division  among 
our  rulers,  no  wonder  then,  that  tlure  is  ain:>ng  the  peo,de.  Tho 
members  of  Congress  from  this  State  were  as  nearly  eq-ially  dl- 
Tided  as  they  could  have  been,  unless  som.;  one  of  ih.'m  had  s.Moil 
renter.  In  the  yeas  and  nays  on  tht  quesiiou  of  tliis  war,  wc  fin  J 
the  votes  of  Ncwhampshirc  as  follow.  In  the  Senate,  for  a  de- 
claration of  war,  Mr.  Cutis  ;  against  a  declaration  of  war,  .Mr. 
Gilmati  ;  one  ai;aiiist  one.  In  the  Honsr'  of  lle,)res'  nfatives,  for 
a  declaration  of  war,  I\I<  s^rs.  Dmsmore,  llaruer  anil  Hall  ;  against 
a  declaration  of  war,  Messrs.  Bartlett  and  Sullivan  ;  two  against 
three. 

The  division  among  our  rulers  appears  great,  from  a  view  of 
the  whole  votes  of  Congress  on  the  qn»stio.n  of  this  war.  Fronj 
public  statements  it  appears,  that  in  the  Senate  19  were  for  a  dts 
claration  of  war,  and  13  against  it  ;  that  in  the  il  use  of  Re;irc- 
scntatives  79  were  for  a  declaration  of  war,  and  49  at^ainst  if. 

The  division  of  otir  rulers  also  appears  great,  when  we  view  the 
votes  of  the  following  great  s.clions  of  our  country.  From  a 
"view  of  the  votes  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virnifja,  North- 
CaroMna,  South-Carolina,  Geor;;ia,  Kr-itu  ky,  Tmnesseo  and 
Ohio,  it  ap|)ears  that  of  the  mem!>erb  of  Congress  frofn  those 
States,  taken  collectively,  nearly  five-sixihs  were  for  a  declara- 
tion of  war.  From  a  view  of  the  votes  «)f  Delaware,  New.  Jer- 
sey, New-Vork,  Vermont,  Connee'icul,  Rhode  Island,  M.issa- 
chusctts  and  New-IIaini'shirc,  it  appears  of  that  the  members  of 


17 


!: 


r  I! 


Vv 


Cors;;ics3  fioi.i  llicic  Stiilof,  (akou  collectivtly,  t.ro-tliirds  were 
against  a  declaration  of  uar.'"" 

In  this  SfP.soii  of  i)iiMic  cilaniKy,  of  illvisiun  arnoiyf^  onrsolvr?, 
am!  war  wiili  :\  foreign  power,  the  duties  \vc  owe  to  oniselve?,  our 
families,  our  country  and  onr  Cod,  rcqnire  tliat  wc  cultivate can- 
<lid,  friendly  and  i)eact'iiModisj)Oiiilion.s,  one  toward  Another ;  that 
we  carefnlly  look  into  tl;e  stale  of  our  public  oonctrns  ;  examine 
the  measures  of  onr  rulers  ;  and  adliorbstrictly  to  our  txrcllcnt 
constitutions,  and  to  all    the  just  If\w9  of  our  country.     To  do 

•  It  may  he  asked,  why  thi^  great  diffejx'nce,  between  the  Southern  and 
Knrthern'StHtt'S,  on  this  sidiju't  ? 

That  many  ofthe  southern  e,ontry,  and  tliat  llie  great  body  ofthe  Vrencli 
and  Irish  inhabitants,  or  residents,  in  tiie  Southern  States,  have  stron;^ 
prtjudires  agninsl  G.  IJritain,  and  partialiiits  touard  France,  h  weli 
known,  Tlie  Northern  States  inust  be  tar  tiiej;reater  sulierers  in  this  war. 
If  Iarf;e  armies  are  raised,  the  tin  ater  nun\btT  of  nun  must  be  drawn 
from  llie  Northern  State*.  The  duties  on  salt,  and  sonje  other  articles, 
must  fail  much  more  heavily  on  the  Noitheni,  than  on  L'ie  Southern  States, 
Tne  northern  merchants,  farmers,  traders  in  lumber,  mechanics,  t'lsher- 
men,  sailors,  iSrc.  must  be  j^reat  sufTerers,  and  many  of  thtin  thrown  al- 
anjst  outof  empluyment ;  while  the  Southern  Statej  will  sutler  cornpara- 
tivtly  little. 

The  Southern  States  have  few  vessel?,  the  Northern  States  many.  The 
southern  planters,  who  furu'crly  shii)ped  their  produce  in  vessels  belon;^- 
ing  to  the  Northern  States,  can  now  sliip  in  Spanisli,  Portu;;uese,  or  other 
foreijjn  neutn-.l  vessels  for  jrixjd  marlats,  or  can  »ell,  for  re;uiy  money,  to 
these  vessels,  at  handsome  prices;  but  the  surplus  produce  ofthe  Northern 
States  must  remain  on  hand,  or  be  disposed  of  at  >;reat  sacrifice,  wlnln 
Bucli  ofthe  northern  vessels  as  arc  abroad,  are  exposed  to  capture,  and 
euch  of  them  as  are  at  hon»e,  must  lie  useless  at  the  wharves,  or  be  put  to 
the  worse  than  useless  employment,  of  privateering. 

I  believe,  the  great  body  ofthe  friends  of  peace,  deprecate  a  separation 
of  the  States,  as  an  event,  wdiich  would  involve  the  ruin  of  this  country  ; 
but  it  is  a  serious  question,  whether  the  measures  of  our  present  rulers 
have  not  a  tendency  to  produce  so  dreadful  an  event  ?  "  We  shrink  from 
the  separation  of  the  States,  as  an  event  fraught  with  incalculable  evils, 
and  it  is  among  our  strongest  objecticms  to  the  present  course  of  measures, 
that  they  have  in  our  opinion,  a  very  (!ang:eroui  and  alcnnins  bearing,  on 
such  an  event.  If  a  separation  ofthe  States  ever  should  take  place,  it  will 
be,  on  s'^ine  occasion,  when  one  portion  of  the  Country  undertakes  to 
controul,  to  regulate,  and  to  sacrifice  the  interest  of  another  ;  when  a  small 
Rnd  heated  Majority  \n  the  Government,  taking  eounselof  their  passions, 
and  not  of  their  reason,  contemptuously  disregarding  the  interests,  and 
perhaps  stopping  the  mouths,  of  a  large  and  respectable  Minoritif,  shall 
by  hasty,  rash,  aiul  ruinous  measures,  threaten  to  destroy  essentialrights, 
nnd  lay  waste  the  most  important  interests.  It  shall  be  our  most  fervent; 
supplication  to  Heaven  to  avert,  both  the  event  and  theofcuii'on  ;  and  the 
Government  may  be  assured,  that  the  tie  that  binds  is  to  the  Unios, 
will  never  be  broken  by  us.*''-'ll\ffmorialofthtficc':'ir.ghuvi  Conicntlon 
<ff  the  friends  of  peace. 


i    ; 


1 


o 


'  ' ! 


5  ■'.' 


r, ' 


.  ; 


i 


\'.,\   is  ltirninliiM\(  OH  fill,  r.n'>i<(cr.'' : 'ul  j  roj.Io  ;  for '^  vc  fire  :»!l 
finbarlictl  in  oiu-  l!i.!t(5:n,  and  iDti-f  :i;.l;  oiiwiiii  {j';;c'<ln.'i." 

'J'«  fxiuiiini',  !i!ul  lo  iipiiriivt'  or  ili-^-.pprD.o  llif  i  ifJisurj'.;  i.f  riilci?, 
ns  H«'  In-lifviMlMmfo  hu  iiiticr  j'l-Mfi 'I)Ic  or  iinjusliii  ibii.',  mo 
i\'^^h(s  luiil  t/'..'//(\v,  ckiir  as  (l;v  sliiiiiiu;  suii. 

in  llie    lioly    :;iii|)ti;rt3  we  fsutl  v,  ritliii,  "  LlI  ivory  somI    lie 
f.»!l)jf('t    unto   tlie   hi  ;li!'r   |M)smt.s  ;  fi)r  tiu'r(5  ,is  tu)  pov,  cr  but  of 
CJo'.I  :   tliu  powrrs  tli::!  bv  .ire  orilaiiicd  uf  Co'.l."     Ih-ncc  it  jilaiu- 
]y  ap;>t>a'.s  tint  cUW  t;<)verniiitnt  i-f  a  iVwlv.r  Institufion.    15iit  r.one 
of  us  Ciin  l»e  so  Igniiniut  as  to  siii'iior.u  tliiil  lliis,  or  any  olIitT  juis- 
f-at^c  of  sciiptiJir,  ri(ii!l;c>  ii'i  to  apprijvc  tJic  nivnsiiris   (ifvuLrs, 
xTlii'tlu;r  (licy  are  liijlit  or  wronij;.     'I'iiltc  \s  a  plain  distincliuM  br- 
l«-crii  f^uvaniiHCfify  ant!  llio  aJminLu'rulorn of  i^u-i^vn\nv\\\y  tlici]:,h 
<hc  terms  are  oftvw   n't  i!   prouiisciiou^ly.     >Vg  are   botiiul   to  be 
subject  to  guvernviciif^  aiul  to  ruli;rs  so  far  a';  they  riglil'v  ad* 
ministir  it,  for  ,i;ovi'Muii'.  nt  i^  botli  an  in«lltulif)n  of  God  and  an 
onlir.anec  of  man.     Jjiit  >vo  arc  not  bound  to  approve  tl.e  meas- 
ures of  r'ders  if  they  wri>ngly   administer   gofernuient.     If  their 
cominauds   are   ab:su!iitily    un!ii\^fiil,    ^ve    are   bound    to   o!,Ty 
God    rather,    tliau    man;    f(jr    His  is    llie   hit;Iie3t   of  all   puw- 
crti.*  If  tlieabsurd  (yraiuiiealdocirine,  that  people  <>u;;hiloa|iprcvc 
of  and  conijily  witli  (he  measures  of  rolcis,  whether  rig.'it  (jr  v,  roi:f ; 
K  sn(.h  irrational  and   unseriptural  doetrine  had*pr?vail;(!,  tlii'; 
v.ould  nut   have    bconn'  an    independent  nation.     **  Cases  may 
occur,    when  it  is  the  C>\\\y   of   private  peiioni;   to   poirt  <iiit  the 
imj-roper  condnct  of  their  niler.i.     Their  coe.nfry's  .^ood  recjuircs 
it,  and  their  connlry's   gond  should  be  their  motive  for  ^\<\\v.^  it, 
IjuI  in  perforn)inf(   this   duly,    whieh  they   owe  to  soeiety,  they 
shoviid  addrc.-.b   tiie  undefst;M>din  i;s,   rather  thnn  (he  passions  ami 
^uejiidice?,  of  their  fellow  tiii/en;s,  or  fellow  suhje«  ts :  ihey  should 
reason,  not  rail:   t!:ry  should  aim  to  give  useful  inform;.tiun,  not 
to  vilify  the  pei-sons  of  their  rulers.     If  their  rulers   be  the   pat- 
rons of  priniipies,  that  are  pe  rc>lcioi'S  to  society,  or  adopt  measures 
of  a  (Ian  xerosis  tendency,  their  errors  may  be  pointed  out,  ai.u  de- 
inoubtrated,  in  dceent  and  respectful  language,  without  violating 

*  When  Daiiitl  ki!o\v,  that  the  v  ilLiiijf  ofthc  kine,  interdicting:;  the  uor- 
ship  of  the  true  God,  v,  r.s  signed,  hi?  in>t\\itlistiiii(i!!i(;;  ''  prayed  and  rave* 
thaid;.s  l.'eHjre  his  God,  jis  he  did  ulbretiiiie."  When  the  kinL''s  couimund 
required  the  three  pious  tiieud-i  oi"  J)ai»iel  to  worship  an  idol,  tliey  said, 
**  We  arc  nut.  euitfiil  tu  auhuer  thee  ii\  this  mutter.  If  it  be  so,  oiu-vJcd, 
wiiniu  we  serve,  ia  aiile  t'>  du'li'. er  us  froui  the  huruiui;  fiery  fiojiace  ;  and 
he  will  deliver  us  oiil  f>f  thine  h.'U'd,  O  kin,;.  But  if  nut,  be  it  Ivuouu  un- 
to t'uee,  O  kinir,  that  v/t-  will  n(»l  serve  thy  ^ods,"  «ice.  Dan,  0  ^z  6  ch.  In  a 
t'n^r  winvc  tilt;  eouuiKiiHli  df  iiicu  were  contrary  to  thubC  ofCJod,  "  Peter 
atid  tho  ctlier  r^iJu^tUs  a:i/.vcred  a:id  j;'.id,  W«:  ougiit  to  obey  God  rather 
tliaa  men."  Aclbo.  'i'J. 


/\ 


ti.', 


10 


{ 


1  1*1 


t  \.hK'li  r.iy.'i,  Tliui!  hli:iH  nut  jpru!;  tul  of  tiij  riili  r  of 


thy  \)co',U\^'*- 

'j''.ivoii.il  villi  a  rc;"»!l>Iic.in  form  of  r.ovcrnini'iiJ.  il  i^  ),((iiliTil3 
our  i\n\y  to  i'.\;ui.!iit'  tiio  i.io:'.:airc.s  of  l'io':c;v;)iK'iii!'  tl  to  udiuiui.  tt-r 
iCj  fliiit  >vi*  in.i)'  kiio'.v  Ikjw  to  art  ;  (h:it  ihry^  mIio  rulo,  iiiay  bo 
t'OTiti:r.iii!  In  otiu'O,  If  ihoy  do  mcII  ;  or,  if  it.i-y  (!o  ill,  ulnu  an- 
o(!)Cf  ccM^titiilioiir.l  op.iiortaiiity  of cl'(.'OMii^;;ariiu'),  iltal  »!i_y  iii:iy 
be  left  O'lJ,  ami  otIi'U'i,  \.I>o  ni  ty  <lo  luttcr,  ^)Ia(  ii!  in  llivir  -liai!. 

**  As  ii'jcity  is  .1  l)!i"i;ln;;of  i'.K'Stiniablo  \aliit  in  Ssocl'ty/il  on.;!;!: 
to  Ik;  rv'jitoJ  with  the  utaiost  rL'soliilion  ami  wat».li:'iilr.i-.;;,  not 
ou\y  njair.Kl  oj-'cn  nsraults,  but  every  practico,  that  iiuiy  scciLlly 
and  bilciiti)-  iin;iair  it  ;  yet  \7ith  nligious  tare  luillu  r  to  mc  it> 
ror  unwarily  assist  oti.crs  to  ?^v»r  xijor  a  cloak  of  mnUciou-incss.'"  \ 
It  was  tlic  inai.Mian!mous  di'claratidu  of  ilic  iiuKiiindeiit  and  luiblc 
nindtd  sii!\jvrts  of  p.n  Kuroi'tao  kinr^,  ii-.any  years  ai;o,  **  Wc, 
vliu  arc  i-:!rli  of  »is  as  );uod,  ami  who  are  alto^clliiT  inori;  power- 
ful tlian   you,  pror.M  c  oli.diir.co  to  your   >;«tvoriiriU'tit,   ir   YOU 

MAINTAIN   OUIl   lUOJITS  A.;i>  LIlirUTllS  \    it  NOT,  NOT."| 

One  of  the  fiinust  ?.iul  ii;ost  able  advt'icate3  of  American  liberty 
obs(;rvcs,  ''  The  fui  inalitles  of  a  free,''ar.(l  the  ends  cf  a  desi)Otir. 
state  have  often  subbisti'd  tojjethor.     Thus  decjived  v.as  the  Ue- 
public  of  Ilonio."     "  'J  Iio'  eaiifjfMVi'd  against  tl.c  proj.-cts  of  CiiJ- 
tar,  the.  s.'itiics  of  hit  bcr.i^iiitjj  deceived  tin"  Roaiau  Ccnuiioii-. 
vcalthj  till   tlie  Inert  a:e  of  his   jower  bid  d(  fiante  to  oppoLitiou. 
Coit;bfalLd  for  his  t'.ciuro^ily  and  niatjnifiet ice,  his  complacency 
iind  cuniir.tsion,   the  coiupl.'.'.Hanf  cour(ier  iu:tde  his  way  into  the 
lienrts  of  his  countryn^cn.     Tlu'y  would  not  believe,  tho' admon- 
i.iiicd  by  ll'.c  bcFt  of  liien  and  first  of  patriots,  that  the  smiling  Ca?- 
sar  would  filc'a  away  llu'ir  lil)eriies,  that  a  native — born  and  bred 
a  Uonian — v.oiilJ  eoslavo  his  country — the  land  of  his  fathers — the 
land  of  liir.  birth — the  land  of  his  posterity.     But  the  ambitious 
Ciesar  aimin/j  at  autliurity,  and  Cu•i^a^  armed  and  intoxicated  with 
power,  apprar  in  veiy  diJllrent  characters.     He  who  appeared 
with  the  niildne.'^s  of  n  fine  gentleman  in  his  primaeval  slate,  in  aa 
advanced  station  conducted  with  the  sternncaS  of  a  tyrant.     Op- 
posed by  a  tribune  of  the  people  in  taUinj;  money  out  of  the  pub- 
lick  treasury  a^;aini;t  the  laws,  Caisar  with  an  army  at  his  heels 
proclr.inicd,  arrr.s  and  laws  do  not  llourifh  together.     If  you  arc 
noi  pleased  padded  tho  usurper)  with  what  1  am  aboiit,you  liavo 
iiotliing  to  do  but  to  witlidraw.     Indeed  war  will  not  bear  much 
liberty  of  speech.     When  I  say  this  I  am  departing  from  my  own 
ri^'ht.     For  you  and  all,  I  have  found  exciting  a  spirit  of  faction^ 

■    *  President  McKcan.  tSct';cr.  J  KoLertson's  Hist,  Charl.  5. 

§  Ucg;ird  for  justice,  and  a  man!)'  assertion  of  rights,  has  too  ol'ten  been 


i 

i : 


'  ;.. 


20 


fi^aJr.ii  jur^  arc  al  my  ilinporal.  Si}  In:;  f!il»,  lie  r\p|iro:ie]jeil  tli  j 
doors  of  tho  (rcv.siMV,  as  llio  Kc)P  v/irr  not  |iiik!uc((),  lio?iiit  Iiis 
vorUmoii  t(«  lin-al;  tlrjiii  oju'ii.  'j'his  is  tlic  ct)ii)pl;iis:snt  C';i'<;»r — 
rciKiwiK'tl  for  hir,  ;\iniablf  qualitlci :  I)}'  Ms  ca'^y  uiKlrcss  lie  dcci'lv. 
C(l,  ami  by  his  arts  insKivi'i!  hi''  coimtryincii — and  prepared  llio  way 
for  a  siii'cc.  Mnir  Ner  '  to  spoil  i\'\d  sl.iiij^Iilcr  llit'in."*' 

]\latiy  of  you  iloubtk'ss  renieiiilxT  ihr  iruh/  republican  pn'nct' 
j)!e$  of  tlif  American  Cou^'H'.'^s  in  177J.  1  v^asthcn  unborn;  but  I 
have  roiu!  and  ailnurcil  tliiir  >vritin^s  am!  cortlially  cinbraced  llicir 
jirluciplos.  I  will  quote  f)onui  excellent  paisayes  from  llicir  voles 
ami  procetdini^s. 

**  In  erery  cascof  oppc^ition  by  a  people  to  their  rulers,  orof  ons 
slate  to. luotiivr,  duty  to  Almighty  (jIo(!,  llic  Creator  of  all,  reqtiiros, 
that  a  true  and  impartial  j'id,;Tiient  be  formed  of  tin:  measures  leading 
to  such  ojjposllian.;  and  of  the  causes  by  which  It  has  been  provok- 
ed, or  can  In  any  dej^ree  be  justified:  That  neither  aflcction  on 
the  one  liand,  nor  resentment  on  the  other,  bein^  permitted  to 
give  a  wron»5  bias  to  reason,  it  may  be  enabled  to  take  a  dispassion- 
ate view  of  all  the  circiunstances,  and  settle  the  i)ubllc  conduct 
on  tfie  solid  foundations  of  v/i^'dom  and  justieo.  I'rom  Councils 
thus  tcmjicrcd  arise  the  surest  hopes  of  the  divine  favor,  the  firmest 
encouragement  to  the  parties  cii^iijed and  the  strongest  rerominen- 
datiori  of  their  cause  lo  the  rest  of  iiianl:ind"f  "  Be  assured 
that  the  happiness  of  a  people  Jneviubly  depends  on  their  liberty 
and  their  spirit  to  assert  lt."i  The  enjoyment  of  liberty  and 
even  its  support  and  preservation  consists  in  every  man's  being 
allowed  to  speak  Ills  thoughts  and  lay  optn  his  sentiments."^ 
Speakint^  of  **  the  rights  without  which  a  people  cannot  be  free 
and  happy"  lliey  say,  "  The  last  right  we  shall  menlion  regards 
the  freedom  of  the  press.  The  importance  of  this  consists,  be- 
sides the  advaiwement  of  truth,  s  ciencc  and  morality,  and  arts 
in  general,  in  its  diffusion  of  liberal  sentiments  on  the  administra- 
tion of  government,  its  ready  communiealion  of  thoughts  between 
subjects,  and  its  coufequcntial  promotion  of  union  amon^  tbcra, 
whereby  op[)ressive  ollleers  arc  ashamed,  or  intimidated  into  more 
honorable  and  just  modes  of  conducting  a(Tair3."j[ 

To  these  noble  scutimenis,  of  the  patriotic  republicans  of  1774> 
let  w^  subjoin  the  late  patriotic  and  truly  republican  observations 
of  his  Hon.  De  Witt  Clinton  of  New-York.     "  A  state  of  war 

•  See  Quincy's  ohseivations,  &c.  published  in  1771,  from  which  the 
quotation  from  Dr.  Itobcrlson  was  also  taken. 

f  See  "  Extracts  from  tho  vofcs  ai-d  proroodinr;?  of  the  American  Con- 
tinental Conf;r«'S=;,  held  Jir  Pliihulolpliia,  5tli  Sept.  1774.  I'liblishtd  l>jr 
order  of  the  C'ont;resb."     H'lston  tdiuon,  p.  29, 

t  The  same,  p.  48.  §  p.  ^i6.         ||  p.  43. 


-*'i'. 


i     '■ 


"i! 


!!• 


21 


:t 


docs  tiol  cTesfroy  or  t!Im!iilsli  tlie  rl.'.lils  of  (lie  cill/rn  lo  fian\InR 
Iho  ciMidiict  «)f  |)iil>!io  ir.on  ami  (Im-  frr.iffnry  of  public  mrasiircs. 


]1 


V    >J'0!l 


1, s   iil'u*  of  (lio  "frcidotii  of  iiivcf.fijiitiori''  a-,  **  ifio   hirlli 


ri'Iit  niK'I  (lici  Ijo.T-t  of  I'vcty  ArncritMn  citi/.-n."' 

in  lilt!  fust  SiUfiiirc  of  ;i  circni.ir  Irtkr,  niklrci'ud  ]>y  the 
Continental  Cofi^,'r<.'.ss  to  tlieir  conslitm  iila  In  J779,  vo  finil  tNi 
folloNvlng  very  just  rcpuhliraii  sniliiMcnt.  *'  In  Govcrnnicnts 
raisctl  on  llit;  ^onerous  jirlnripti-n  of  equal  liberty,  (lie  rulers 
of  tlic  state  ore  (he  servants  of  the  people,   and  not   tin:   masters 


of  tl 


M)"<IJ 


roin 


wluin)  they   derive 


nu 


(hority 


•'     This  beiwK    t?ii! 


case  it  is  snrely  propLT,  that  tlic  pcojilo  slundil  rx"\inlnc, 
vihcthcr  their  rulers  are  faithfni.  Let  ine  here  add  another 
quotation  froni  a  (irm  asscrtor  of  Atncrlean  lilserty,  a  disfln^ulih- 
ed  ()atriot  of  1774,  already  repeatedly  referred  to.  *•  JJelievc 
nic,  my  countrymen,  the  labor  of  evaniining  for  ourselves,  or 
great  Imposition,  niiisl  be  submitted  to  ;  tliero  Is  no  alternative, 
und  imleis  wc  weigh  and  consider  what  wc  examine,  little  benefit 
^i!l  result  from  rc^ecrch/'f 

Wc  clearly  perceive,  that  on  Tirr,  PRisTTPi.rs  or  tuuk  repub- 
licanism \iv.  have  a  ri^hf^  and  it  Is  our  duty,  to  examine  the 
conduct  of  our  rulers,  and  the  tendency  of  their  measures.  We 
liavc  caeh  o(  us  a  riL.ht  to  inquire,  examine,  and  judso  for  our- 
selves wlK^ther  the  present  war  is  justifiable,  or  unjustifiable.  To 
iJo  thi?,  It  indeed  our  indispeiisibic  moral  dntij.  If  some  of  you 
have  not  carefully  cxamineil  lhi?»  subject  already,  let  me  entreat 
you  to  attend  ♦(»  it,  as  ,  duty  you  owe  to  yourselves,  your  fami- 
lies, your  country,  and  your  God.  That  you  may  take  an  Im- 
partial view  of  both  sides  of  the  great  question  rcsjicctlng  the 
present  war  ;  that  you  may  candidly  and  clearly  judge  concerning  it ; 
I  advise  you  io  read  with  candor,  deliberation,  and  care  on  tho 
one  side,  I'resident  Madison's  Manifesto  and  the  report  of  the 
Committee  of  foreign  relations  In  favor  of  a  declaration  of  war. — 
1  also  advise  you  to  read  on  the  other  side,  with  the  same  candor, 
deliberation,  and  care,  an  address  of  members  of  the  House  of 
Kepresentatives,  who  opposed  a  declaration  of  war.+  From  an 
attentive  perusal  of  these  publications,  on  both  sides,  you  may 
obtain  far  more  correct  information  than  can  be  had  from  common 

•  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  city  ofNcw-York,  July  C,  1815. 

f  Quincy's  Observations  5:c.  p.  17. 

J  I  would  now  furtlier  ndvl?e  a  careful  perusal  and  comparison  of  the 
publications  of  tlie  Koekinphrun  Conventions,  at  TJrenHvood,  and  Kings- 
ton ;  in  xvhiehthfcstafeinents  and  opinions  oftliosc,  on  dilTereiUsidi'Sof  this 
^reat  question,  in  our  Country,  will  be  seen.  I  would  .ilso  advise  tlie 
reader  to  examine  such  other  publicntions,  as  may  throw  light  on  this 
tnomttitoui  suhject. 


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ri'junJ,  flie  M.trin  !i'r:»i>;;!!i'3  of  iumvs  iiripir  >.'flN.'rs'^  cr  (I: 


C-Mni'r--i(ii)U3  of  lilt  ,   iImI,   or    llu.*  nd'iT 


Ml.ii 


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i.'.'i.'r. 


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iafjii 


«>    Oi'l.iiu 


\.',(KJii  :i:t(l  loiMi  a.i    oj  ii.;.."i  o;i  tli.*  i.uporJ.Mil  Mi!ti;i.'t  m' (iu; 


j)rrson(  **.;ii  is  a  f-uuu.)  nu.nd  Owiy.  'I'hv  piodimjiiun  for  V\h 
il.t^  ".s  stjIiMiuiiiu'S  rii'K.' .'His  Ibco  L'i.li'<l  Siafts  ns  inv.'Ivitl  in 
^var,  by  (l.t!  iiijii'.'io;  (if  ;i    forou'.i.  jHi\/<  i  j  :uu!  j.ro;a'oi'.s    Jo   \: 


I'Uw  ivi-  p 


f 


or  ;\ 


l)!> 


i.'ii;  ou  our   nnir,.     'J'liut    wc  niiy   1 


CUOV.' 


vii.it  lo  jlo,  It  is  our  sviinus  iluty  ti>  make  up  our  mhuls  on  //j^; 
tiuviuuUouii  <^:u'^ri'ji}  :,'h.':lu'r  fliis  i.tir  h  ju>f{ft'.il>t'^  vt  U'ljit;:^. 
frJuiUc  ;  for  v,c  uiw.^i  tiiV.o  I'ctl,  ihul  wi- tlu  t.j!^,  nml  oiil)  t!.  .f, 
vliicli  i^  c'oii.Iifi'nl  V.  t!h  il»f  I'iti. ;••.■;  of  o:ir  cjjM'.r'K'iiC'--,  an:l  I'.t; 
iovc;i!i.\l  V  ill  of  Cjo.!  ;  for  tlu:''.;  I.-.y  u')u:i  us  tlic  ^i-Mliil  of;i!I 
tiV.'ili'.i'wr.ii.-] 


I>;:(.  Id  us  m  U'M'jpr  tl.st   llir  (luficr;  wc  owe   t 


o  oiirr>tlv'. 


S    our 
ll'.'it  ^VlJ 


f.'.iiil!ii.'s,  our  Cijuittry,  ir-'J  ouj  (»);!,  not  only  rv'quirc. 
foiisciciiJiousIy  !t:ril;!!:iln  the  ('rivik^;C3  (joil  lins  :;rautcil  n-i,  b'.ii 
that  In  viv\v  of  our  ill  dt-crrt  am\  the  taliiiiiitii','',  whicii  h:\ve  cjn.'j 
upon  lis,  Nfc  turn  to  <lio  h-jiH  our  Cod,  I))'  iinrciuniilly  roj'iuilii'j; 
of,  r.iul  foi'sakinc^  oiu-  iiiis.  \Vh.ucvrr  j;iil.M)K'ol:i  full  npo:i  a 
VoomIo.;  \>hcll.t.T  inliictv'i!  by  Ihu  iminftliiti;  h.uu!  of  C-J,  o.* 
whi;llu'r  hj  si'.dVra  tluaj  to  fall  into  tlio  liiiTid  of  uiaii,  si*  i^i  il;u 
fjri'.U  occa.sioii,  the  jirocurinj  cnu-.c  of  all.  That  our  coiUilry  r.j 
a  wfjolt!  may  r;turii  tiufo  (in'I,  t!n!  sovi'jal  parts  of  it,  ami  pti:  u.^.s 
lu  it,  must  turti  to  llhw.  Jji't  us,  mIio  furiu  a  part  of  i;,  jcjok 
into  out.nUts,  coubiocr  Ihi'  number   iuid   a,j';rav:;tion  of  our  t,:;\i 


f  •>' 


^nd,  tlirou}',h  oi:r  {;r'.>at  rilcJir.lcr,  hvvk  iliviuc  j;racc  to  cu:i!;lo 
us  to  rcptMjt  of  o!ir  sins  an;l  turn  fro:n  thoin  by  a  tlioroni^'i 
amcndiiii.'iit.  Jitt  us  poisc.iS  am!  ca!li\;i(c  tiiy  nuiik  anil  !;;i:"ii. 
l»le  S[>irit  of  our  anci'storj;.  Tlivir  pii-ly  aiid  virtue  is  v,  oiihy 
of  n-nu'iiibrance  and  imitiilion.  They  appialcd  to  God,  th-t 
they  cainu  not  i'.rto    tliis    \vildcruc;s    lo  b'^-Ai   yrtat   thiii^js   for 

*  This  is  not  inleniL'il  asii  rer.tftioa  on  U':\vsp:tpi.TS  in  j;U'!)(.!al,  b'it 
has  spuciiil  r(.'f^.Ti.'ii"e  to  i<U(.Ii  varm  and  paiii  )iiale  j'.ddrcssc;)  t'j  \::w\y 
ft'fliii^j,  and  prejudices  as  tc.id  to  heat  tin.'  tL'UiiJtr,  hut  not  to  ^uli^htoii 
tlie  mind.  A  tlisvori)ini;  reader  may  easily  di^tin'^iiish  betuten  sucli 
cifuiions  -and  plain  st'.itt'ni'.'hts  oflacts  or  sound  rt-asoninji;*.  I'i'.ini  n'lws- 
papiTs  the  public  dorlvc  much  iniporiant  inlorniation.  Instead  of 
Teadinj;  only  "ue  pa;>er  it  may  be  well  lor  ur>to  take  papers  on  imh  sirlL?, 
if  u  tare  able;  and  it"  not,  it  may  be  well  for  ueij,ld;ors,  ^v!io  t;:':? 
t!idt'r«'nl  jmpers  to  excl.an;^e  them  rt):n!;uJy  with  each  other.  Tiit  il".  ill 
be  to  little  i;ood  purpo^^e,  that  we  read  anj  uukis  \vc  "  \\e:;;li  and  con- 
sider'' well  what  v.e  read. 

t  From  the  manner  in  v.  hieh  the  v\  liter  had  uniloindy  ^pd'.fn  in  puld..: 
tooeeriiin;;  the  present  *\ar,  his /irjc.  (V  ronld  l!,i\e  no  doihls,  I'.s  to  hi^ 
M-'ntiment.-.,  mi  tliis  snl.ject.  i  o  iIhj  r>' :- Vr  lie  explicitly  declare^,  tln-.t  h'J 
believes  thii  war  lo  be,  on  tlie  part  ol'lhii  uaiioa  unjubt,  ujuut •.:.<; ury,  and 
l»i 'hiv  oli'i.'iisive  to  (J'-d. 


'I 


OS 


(hcm!c!-,c"5  b'.it  for  tl'.c  5r.1;c  of  :i  }.';-.or  r:u1  qnlft  I'.fo."  Tlhy 
solrritfl)'  ontrri'J  into  ruxnant  wKli  fJ.jil  to  bo  liis  jicii;)!..-,  ar.ft 
<hou;(h  offi-n  odiioclod  and  CTst  <1u\vn,  »l;-y  v,cic  not  litltily 
fyr.-'lu:;.  I. it  ii:^  rtttun  lo  tlir  CJcil  of  our  f^tlicrs,  ami  hv.  o!)'.-- 
dit'.it  urJo  ]u>  vo'uc,  atul  Ik'.  will  r.ot  f(i»-.,:ilvu  i;,'',  iwitlur  distroy 
!;;,  iitT  for:;.  I  tlio  covenr.ut  of  oiiv  fatliiTS.  ])Ut  if  v>'c  '.vil!  p,ot 
l;c  i:»  ;friutril  aiiil  riiucii;^,  llii)  ('vils,  wliicli  have  conn;  ujioii  »!P, 
ar..' lii;t  t!in  htM^inniug  ofsorrov.s.  It  is  oi'.r  incuiiibcnt  duty  to 
iirr.y  c^irnc^tly  f«r  foii^ivincss  anil  divine  favor,  nor  c.u»  v. o 
rt:\=onabIy  hope  for  mercy,  unless  v.c  limr.bly  ami  pcnid'iitly 
ask  it.  And  in  yiiin  i\o  wo  fast  or  pray,  v.iili'.';;;  vvc  form  sincere 
rc'olulions  of  amendni;Mit,  and  carry  llio?c  r'f?oln{i;!ns  into  cIFoct. 
I\ov;  \tO  are  in  (rihnliition,  and  ail  tlieyt'  tliiti^'s  have  come  xipou 
us,  let  us  consid(  r  our  ways  and  turn  unto  il;c  Lf;:d.  Wliile  hii 
ju.'l.;inent.s  are  abroad  in  tli,;  rartli  and  fal'.in;;;  heavily  on  us,  if 
we  will  learn  riglit'-ousncs  and  be  obedient  to  the  voice  of  CJod, 
he  uilltnrn  to  ur.  ;  tlie  I^ord  of  hosts  will  be  with  us  ;  the  God 
(,'f  Jacob  will  deft  lul  us  ;  sva  sliall  have  the  testimony  of  our  ovra 
co'.v.cienrcs  to  cheer  us;  and  need  not  fear  what  man  can  do 
uuto  u>'.     Amen, 


-'=^^^i£^s:iS>-r£:p' 


OBSERVATIONS 

o.v  Tin:  rnopiiinv  of  riiL.icni.\Cr  occasioxji.lv  o-Y 

POLITICAL  SUBJECTS. 

THE  OiTice  of  gosjicl  ministers  docs  not  preclude  thc.n  from 
the  counnon  \irivileges  of  citizens.  They  are  not  unacquainted 
with  tlie  rights,  which  our  constitutions  cngaijc  to  them  as  well, 
as  to  olher  classes  of  the  connnunity.  If,  in  common  times,  sonic 
of  theni  have  not  voted  at  the  elf  ctions  of  general  and  state  ofTi- 
ceis,  and  if  they  have  said  less  than  some  others,  they  have  prob- 
ably read  and  thought  as  much,  and  have  obtained  iS  correct  infcr- 
iration,  and  have  felt  as  sincere  concern  for  the  prosperity  of  their 
Country,  as  have  some,  who  wish  them  to  be  silent  on  these  sub- 
jects* There  are  times,  when  it  is  evidently  the  duty  of  nr.nlstcrs 
of  the  gospel,  to  call  the  attention  of  their  people  to  public  aflair'}. 
This  observation  is  made,  not  so  much  on  account  of  any  thing 
said  in  the  preceding  sermons,  as  with  reference  to  the  general 
subject  of  preaching  occasionally  on  ])olitical  concerns;  a 
subject  much  agitated,  or  rather,  which  greatly  ac,.tates,  at  thiJ 
present  day. 

I-t  is  the  law  of  otir  Creator,  that  we  should  fear  ITIm,  andlu'cp 
Ills  comjuandnicnts  aluays.     As  individuals,  uieiubcrs  of  families, 


v   • 


4  •' 


24 


ii: 

1.; 

115 


iV 


•• 


nolglibuis,  or  niomSors  of  puMic  sociofy,  one  ami  tJic  sauic  rule  is 
given  to  05.  We  aro  rii|airo(l  id  our  sevt;r<il  rchitions  and  cctu 
dilions,  and  in  all  our  (ran=^ac(ions,  to  ho  governed  by  a  fixed  ati'.! 
Jiabihnl  princijilo  of  duty  to  Cod.  It  is  therefore  a  /jreat  error, 
that  "  religion  and  politics  should  have  uothin:;  to  do  >Yith  c2v\i 
otiicr."  Tlial  in  too  lii.^.ny  instances  tlx^y  have  uotliin^  to  do 
"With  each  other,  >Te  have  much  reason  to  fear ;  but  that  every  j-.o- 
Jitical  act  onyht  to  be  in  conformity,  to  the  priueiplfs  of  religion, 
and  may  justly  be  reproved  by  (he  minlsfers  of  religion  if  it  is 
not,  cannot  reasonably  bo  doubted.  *'  Wo  may  be  honest  or 
dishonest,  faithful  or  unfaithful,  \<\  our  relations  to  the  state,  as 
well  as  to  private  connexions.  Politieal  duties  art;  therefore 
moral  dutios.  What  is  politically  riglit  is  morally  ri^llt,  what  is 
jioUticdly  wrong  is  morally  wrong.  Christian  ministers  and  triosc 
with  >vhom  they  arc  nearly  connt-eted  have  righrs  of  perjun;;, 
liberty  and  sometimes  property,  vrhlch  the  fate  of  the  governuioct 


and  country  may  deeply  affect, 


(( 


Till  within  afe\7year3  it  has 


teen  generally  represented  as  a  merit  in  the  Clergy  to  iuteri;3t 
themselves  in  their  country's  cause;  it  has  been  in.iiiteil  jurtie- 
tilarly  by  some  of  the  waiiuest  leadiTS  in  our  late  revulutiun  tli:it 
this  order  of  men  cn^ht  to  throw  their  weii^ht  into  the  political 
scale;  and  are  under  a  moral  and  religious,  as  well  as  i;ivil  o'l- 
ligation  to  warn  the  people  of  the  dangers,  which  threaten  their 
liberty  and  happiness."  On  this  subject,  *'  the  Proviucia!  Con- 
gress (of  a  New  England  State)  in  177-1;  addressed  a  circular 
letter  to  the  ministefi;  of  the  gospel." 

<<  Provincial  Con;;r'jss,  Dee.  G,  1774,  It  was  resolved  that  th.^ 
followiuff  letter  be  atidresbed  to  the  several  ministers  of  the  gospel 
thronjihout  this  province. 

*'  Rev.  Sir,  ^Ve  cannot  but  acknowledge  the  goodness  of  Heav- 
en in  constantly  supplying  us  vrith  I\linistera  (jf  the  gospel,  whose 
concern  has  been  (he  temporal  and  spiritual  happiness  of  this  peo- 
^)le.  In  a  day  like  this,  when  all  the  friends  of  civil  and  religious 
freedom  are  exerting  themselves,  to  deliver  this  country  from  its 
present  calamities,  we  cannot  but  place  great  hopes  in  an  order  of 
men,  who  have  ever  distinguished  themselves  in  their  country's 
cause,  and  do  therefore  recommend  to  the  ministers  of  the  gospel 
in  (he  several  towns  and  other  places  in  this  colony,  that  they  as- 
sist in  avoiding  that  dreadful  slavery,  with  wliich  we  arc  threat- 
cnrd."* 

No  class  of  citizens  have  been  more  uniform,  in  tlieir  political 
sentiments,  than  mlnisfLrs  of  the  gospel.  They  have  uot  changed 
with  the  times.     With  few  exceptions,  they  have  been,  and  still 

•  See  the  prccediiv.'  fiuotarions  in  President  Kirl^hnul's  sermon  deliver- 
ed May  9, 1793.    bee  a  so  Goidyu's  Ilijtory  of  the  Kevoluliyn. 


'i 


25 


hTi'y  friciif^s  and  atlvocatcs  of  mJional  lihcr{y,  truv  rcjuiMici'iisw., 
atiil  ^•■■)u^  !;ovcmn)cnt;  and  if  llicy  InlifVciJ  iIk;  |»rc^■l.t  war  to  l»i; 
jfst  and  iiCLCsraryj  uo  class  of  citizens  wotild  ifiurc  7»a!uiih!y  ad- 
vot.it'j  it. 

It  lias  hi'iti  ohsorvcd,  thut  tliorc  arc  (iinc?,  wlirn  It  is  tl;c  duty 
of  (he  niinisicrs  of  thf  j.Dspel  to  call  the  attctition  of  their  jno- 
|i!e  tu  public  affairs,  'i  l!»*rc  are  occasiDns,  fthii-h  r.'.j[uiie,  and 
sciiplurc,  prercpts  and  t:ca!iiple>,  which  aiitliorizo  it. 

Ciirist  fays,  ''  Search  tho  scriptures."  John  6.  30.  ^*  All 
j-criptiire  is  given  by  iuspiiation  of  God,  and  is  jroflitable  for 
doctrine,  for  reproof,  fur  correction,  for  icstrucfiod  in  rij^'ht- 
coiisiiess,"  &c.  2  Tim.  3.  16.  '^  Study  to  shew  thy  stU"  approved 
unto  God,  a  workman  that  ncodeth  not  to  be  ashamed,  rightly 
dividing  the  word  of  truth."  2  Tim.  2.  15. 

In  the  scriptures  it  is  said,  when  (he  rI.;h(eous  arc  in  au- 
thority the  people  rrjoice  :  but  %vhcn  the  wicked  beureth  rule  the 
peoi)lc  uiourn."  Prov.  29.  2.  The  Scriptures  speali  of  **  niea 
that  had  nndtistanding  of  the  tines,  to  know  what  Israel  ousht 
to  do."  1  Ch.  12.  32.  They  also  speak  of  such  as  cause  (he, 
|)cup!e  to  err.  **  As  for  n)y  people,  childrtvj  arc  ihcir  oppres- 
sors, and  women  rule  over  tlicm,  O  my  people,  the}  which  lead 
thee  caus(!  tlice  to  err,  and  destroy  tlie  way  of  thy  paliss."  Isaiali 
3.  12.  Shall  not  ministers  (Kcasiouully  address  their  people  con-' 
rcrning  such  dillerent  cfiaracters  as  arc  described  in  scripture? 
iS'ehemiah,  on  account  of  the  general  cry  of  the  po(»plc,  rtbnk.Ml 
the  rulers  themselves,  when  they  oppressed  the  peo[jlt.  '*  Tlien 
I  oonsulted  with  myself,  and  I  rebuked  the  uoblcs,  and  (he  rulers, 
and  said  unto  them,  yo  exact  usury,  every  one  of  his  brother. 
And  I  set  a  great  assembly  against  thcni."  Neh.  5.  7.  In  the  33d 
ch.  of  FiZekiel  the  duty  of  a  watchman  in  a  time  of  j)uhlic  calami- 
ty is  pointed  out.  **  If  when  he  seeth  the  sword  come  upon  thu 
land,  he  blow  tnc  trumpet,  and  warn  the  people  ;  Then  whoso- 
ever heareth  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  and  taketh  not  warning  ; 
if  the  sword  come  and  take  him  away,  liis  blood  shall  be  upon  his 
own  head,  lie  heard  the  sound  of  the  trumpet  and  took  not 
warning,  his  blood  shall  be  upon  him  :  but  he  that  taketh  warn- 
ing shall  deliver  his  soul.  But  if  the  watchman  see  the  s^urd  come, 
and  blow  not  the  trumpet,  and  the  people  be  not  warned  ;  if  thu 
sword  corne  and  take  any  person  from  among  them,  he  is  talicii 
away  in  his  iniquity  ;  but  his  blood  will  I  require  at  the  watch- 
man's hand.  So  thou,  O  son  of  man,  I  have  set  thee  a  watchman 
unto  the  house  of  Israel,"  &c. 

Much  of  Jeremiah's  preaching  related  to  ihc  political  as  well, 
as  spiritual  state  of  the  Je«s,  and  tho  rations  around  them.  He 
was  often  called  to  address  thoi-e,  who  ditlered  from  him  in  op.iniou. 
His  commission  was,  *'  Thou  therefore  gird  up  thy  loins,  and 
arise^  aud  speak,  unto  them  all  that  I  command  thee  :  be  not  dis- 


I 


i 


•  I 


t*- 


26 


I 


!  %• 


t'. 

I. 


?•; 


ijiayoil  at  their  ru*cs,  li--.!  I  cjnfcnuil  (lice  before  (licm."  Jcr.  1.  17. 
Jerem!.i!r.s  roll,  wiifltn  in  the.  r(i.;n  of  Jtlioialiim,  fLl.ifctl  to 
lialional  sins  aiu!  c.\bin!tiv?.  Tiiis  roll  Jfrcnudli  (!i recti d  Ji.iincli 
U)  ro.ul  in  public.  "  Gd  tho\i  and  read  in  tin-  roll,  -.vhich  thon 
liast  wridtMi  from  my  mouth,  t!io  words  of  tlic  Lord,  in  the  cars  of 
the  pooplcj  in  (he  Lord's  house  upon  fl:,-  fa^iing  day  :  and  also 
thou  shait  read  them  in  the  cars  of  all  Jn  '  ili  liiat  come  out  of  their 
cities.  It  may  be  they  will  present  th-ir  supplication  before  the 
Lord,  and  will  return  every  one  from  his  c^il  way  :  for  groat  h 
thoani^prand  the  fury  that  the  Lord  halli  pronounced  a.'ainst 
this  people."  Jer.  36.  G,  7.  " 

The  reader  is  denired  to  examine  the  prophecy  of  Zejihaniah. 
Several  parsagis  in  thaf  book  as  well  ar,  vnrious  other  passd^jes  in 
the  old  lestauienf,  arc  lure  omitfod  f'lr  (he  sake  of  brevity. 

To  preach  the  doctrine  of  Christ's  e.Yj)iatory  sulTerings  and  death 
^  on  the  cross,  is  a  most  important  duty    of  (ho  christian  minister. 
There  are  also  other  f  nbjeets,  on  which  chriytian  ujinisters  should 
occasionally  preacli.      T.'irrefore   tin;  siune   Apostl,-,  who  says  in 
Ms  epistle  to  tlie  Corinthian?,    "  1  determined   not   to   know  liuy 
thiuij  asnonj^  you  save  Jesus  Christ  and  him  crucified,"  in  another 
«|)islle,  hnd  occasion   to  write  concerning  rulers  and  civil  govern- 
uicnf.      In  his  epistle  to  the  Roniiuip,  13  cli.  he  says,  <'  Let  every 
■     soul  !)C  subject  unto   the  higher  po\v;rs  ;   for  there  is  no  power 
but  of  God:  the  powers  that  be  are  ordained  of  GoC.     Whoso- 
ever,  therefore,  resisteili  the  power  resisteth  the  ordinance  of  God  ; 
and  tlicy  (hat  resist  s!iaU  receive  to  themselvea  damualion.     For 
rulers  a!;p  not  a  terror  to  good  works  but  to  the  evil.      Wilt  thou 
then  not  be  afraid  of  the  power  ?  Do  that  which  is  good,  and.  thou 
shall  have  praise  of  the  same.     For  he  is  the  minister  of  God  to 
thee  for  good.  ,  But  if  thou  do  that  which  is  evil,  bo  afraid  ;  for 
lie  beareth  not  the  sworu  in  vain  ;  for  he  is  (lie  miniater  of  God, 
a  rerengcr  to  execute  wrath  upon  him  that  doeth  evil.     Where- 
fore ye  must  needs  be  subject,  iiot  only   for   M'ratli,   but  also  for 
,    conscience  sake,"  kc.     Is  civil  government  an  ordinance  of  God, 
and  must  ministers  say  nothing  concerning  it  ?  Are  the  |)ov/crs  of-, 
jjovernmcnt  ordained  of  (iod,  and  is  it  not  the  duty  of  ministers, 
to  impress  on  the  minds  of  the  people,  especially  of  an  elective 
government,   (he  great   iinporlancL',   (he  solemn  ^nty,  of  vesting 
these  powers  in  the  binds  of  men,  who  will  conscientiously  fulfil 
the  great  ends  of  government,  which  the  Aposlle  has  pointed  out; 
Djcn,  who  will  not  abuse  llu'se  powers ;   who  will  not  prove  a  ter- 
ror to  good  works,  but  will  be  the  ministeis  of  God  for  g'»od,  so 
that  they  who  do  good  shall  have  praise  of  the  same  ;  men,   who 
■will  prove  a  terror  only  to  the  evil,  that  they  wliich  do  evil   may 
be  afraid  ;  men,  who  will  not  resist  the  powers,  charters  or  con- 
stitutions, by  which  they  on>:ht  to  be  ruled  as  wt-ll  as  to  rule;  so  that  no  sub- 
ject shall  have  occasion  to  resist  their  authority,  hs  contrary  to  the  luwg  of 


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QoA\  5^iiu-i3  we  Tv.ustVit  sti.ijcTt,  not  only  for\vr;u!),l)Ut  fi)rron^r!pnrc  f^nVf, 
i--  it  rot  till"  il'Jiy  i'^  ,i:o>j)el  miniitcrs  to  acli-:ioni.-!i  tlit-  i>oo|»l(.',  lliat  they 
cl;.;0;C /!<;?  for  x\\\v:s  lli'j.sf,  «!:')  "  k';ir  M()l  (Joii  nor  rcj.'aiil  in;m ;"  J.iikt- 
J3.  .\.  },iit  ti;at  tliry  "  proviiJo  nut  of  nil  t!,c  p'.'(>|;!e,  ;iIj1o  men,  siirli  as  tr:,: 
Co'J,  >i-'C"  ('Mnuli,  hntingcovctouiiic^s ;  ami  [<!;'.cf  <iicli  over  flicm,"  l'.\«)(l. 
jit.  Cl  ;  nuMi  uh  )  will  eiu'ct  and  txcnitr  surli  !;r.v,s  as  ;;rf  C(;n;i-ttiir  witli 
Gorl's  law^,  tli.tt  so  the  people  uuiy  cdn-.oiontiously  lie  stil  joct  tn  ihr.ni  ? 

The  iA|iO';tlo  I'l'itr  say?,  '*  Snoinit  yont-tlvi-j  t.)  cvt'i\  ortliiiance  ot'iii'.ui 
for  tlio  I.oifl'M  sfike  ;  v.lictl-.cr  it  be  tn  the  kin:',  ns  sii]uiiii«>  ;  or  uiiti)  ijuv- 
elisors,  rs  unto  tlieni  tlsnt  are  st  nt  hy  him  for  the  puiiisliniont  of  evil  doorij 
and  for  t!ic  pruise  of  tliem  tliat  do  well,  I'orso  is  the  will  of  God,  t!i;\t 
with  ^^•ell  doing  ye  may  put  to  sileiic*  the  ii^norance  of  foolibh  men.  As 
free  and  not  r.^ins  vonr  lihertv  for  a  clonk  ofivialiciousness,  but  as  llie  ser- 
vants  of  God."  1  Pet. '2.  13,  (N:c.  As  civd  govcrinnent  is  an  ordinance 
both  of  Cod  and  man,  i^  is  certainly  the  finty  of  the  ministers  of  religion,  to 
iir^e  tlie  people  to  jiive  their  snflVajres  foi  ench  men,  and  only  for  such  to 
rule  over  thcMi,  as  tliey  liave  reason  to  lielievo  will  manifest  by  a  wise  and 
reli;;ii)iis  administration  of 'jovernnicnt,  that  they  are  artoally  sent  of  God 
for  the  punishment  of  evil  doors  and  the  {-raise  of  tlieni  that  do  well.  It 
13  crrtaiidy  proper,  that  the  people  should  he  persuaded  i\ol  to  use  tlieir  lib- 
erty for  n  cloak  of  maliciousncjs  ;  but  to  use  it  as  the  servants  of  God,  as 
those/who  knew  they  must  L;Ive  an  account  to  him  how  they  use  it.  Goil 
lias  committed  most  precious  privileges  to  this  people.  O  that  they 
KouUI  consider  that  they  mu=t  be  ansu  ciahle  to  Ilim  if  they  abuse,  or  neg' 
lect  to  inij)rovo  them  !  Priviieires  involve  duties,  and  bring  great  respon- 
sibility on  those  to  whom  they  are  comnutted. 

Tiie  Apostle  Paul  says,  "I  e-Aliort,  tliM  first  of  all,  supplications,  pray- 
ers, intercessions,  and  giving  of  thanks,  be  made  for  all  men  ;  For  kings, 
on(l  for  all  tl;:it  jue  in  ;uithorily  ;  that  we  may  lead  a  quiet  and  peaceable 
life  in  all  i;odline?s  and  honesty."  1  Tim.  2.  1,  2.  An  imj)ortant  reason 
for  praye -3,  &c.  for  those  in  authority  is  hero  given,  that  we  may  lead  a 
quietand  peaceable  life  in  all  godliness  and  honesty.  Are  the  ministers  of 
religion  exhorted  to  speak  unto  the  Most  High  God  on  these  important 
subjects,  and  must  we  not  be  allowed  to  speak  concerning  them  to  our 
fell'iw  men  ? 

With  reference  not  only  to  the  final  judgment,  but  to  the  destruction  of 
the  temple  and  cih;  of  .ferusalem,  Clirist  said,  "  What  1  say  unto  you  I 
say  unto  all,  Watch."  Mark  13.  37.  With  reference  not  (»nly  to  spiritual 
but  to  temporal  and  national  calamities,  Jesus  "  when  be  was  come  near 
beheld  fhe  city,  and  wept  over  it.  Saying,  If  thou  hudst  known,  even  ifiou, 
at  least  in  this  thy  day,  the  thino^s  which  belong  unto  thy  peace  !  but  now 
they  are  hid  <'rotu  thine  eyes.'*  Luke  19.  41,  42,  i'cc. 

The  precepts  anil  examples  of  Prophets,  and  Apostles,  and  of  Christ 
himself  clearly  shew,  tljat  it  is  the  duty  of  o;ospcl  ministers,  on  some 
occasiijns  to  address  the  people  on  political  subjects. 

These  observations  will  be  concluded,  with  a  tevv  extracts  from  a  ser- 
mon, delivered  before  the  Convention  of  the  Clergy  of  Massachusetts,  in 
179G,  by  Dr.  Eclknup,  who  was  distin;_Miish»'d  as  a  minister,  and  whos* 
name  istamiliar  to  us,  as  the  historian  of  Xesv-Han\pshlre. 

"  There  is  a  monopolizing  spirit  in  some  politicians,  which  would  ex- 
clude clergymen  from  all  attention  to  matters  of  state  and  government  ; 
which  would  prohibit  us  from  bringing  pnlitioal  subjects  into  tb.e  puljtir, 
asjd  even  threaten  us  with  the  loss  of  our  livings  if  we  move  at  all  in  the 
'political  sphere.    Bvtt  my  brethren,  \  c'^ii'^idcr  politics  as  intimately  con- 


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nrctoil  vNjtIi  nuiia'ity,  :n:w  l;i'lli  with  rf!!:',ioi).  If  iIk-  polltiiwl  churaLtf  :■ 
i)t";>  p'\)i-!<.'  is  b;itl,  tlioir  iiiciul'i  'arc  cquallv  biuf,  ami  tliLir  ifli;;ion  is  L,n;j;} 
for  nothing;.  TIk.'  siiino  mail  wlio  ni>|Hriit  in  tlif  cli.'iuu  tir  of  a  jjiiliticinn, 
ii  :•!'■'.' a  sulji'i't  ofiii>):aI  ;;'.>VL'iiiiiiLnt,  aiut  a  caiulnlalc  fid-  iimuoilality 
'i'lii-nlorc  il'lu'  acl  ni;!itor  wroiij;  as  a  politirian,  lit'  acts  tqualiy  li^lii  ot 
vroii;^  a-,  a  juljcct  of  (<(.iiri:.  moral  ^',()vt;iiiiu.M)t  ;  his  charatlcr  a<)  a  pohti- 
ci.in  >vili  I  i-  liiuu::!it  into  ihf  tziar.d  i^'vicw  at  tlic  la.jt  da},  air!  h!s  fiilurr 
state  vill  l)f  (li  tcrmiiicil  acroidiutjy.  'I'liis  (lo'.tiiim  I  am  sciisihlc  is  nut 
aj^i'ooalilo  to  tlio  liiaitifc  ofbomc  iiicn,  v.Iiu  act  uith  a  tolfiablc  nj^anl  to 
|irinc!|j|(.'e)  of  aioralily  in  their  toiuir.oii  biisiiitis  ;  hut  when  tl-.iv  <;ct  into  a 
political  I  Oily, relax  tl>cir  ideas  uf  morality, and  endeavoitocany  apoiiit  hy 
any  moaii->  whatever.  Ai.;aiiibtsue!i  aa  idea  of  politicb,!  think  it  my  duty  to 
piotr.->t  ;  for  1  believe  that  honcity  is  the  be,',t  policy,  both  in  private  and 
public  lite. 

"lliul  the  Apostles  lived  in  these  days,  and  amony  us,  wlio  liavc  t!ie 
))rivile;^e  of  choosing  our  onu  rulers,  1  have  no  doiibt  that  tliev  wonid 
have  exhorted  us  to  e.\ercibe  our  privileges  by  none  but  honest  and  lauful 
means.  They  would  lune  advised  the  people  to  carry  the  principles 
of  Ciiristian  morality  to  a  town  meeting  as  well  as  to  the  cxchanjie. 
They  would  have  advised  le{',isIat.ors  to  carry  the  same  principles  to  the 
senate  and  house  of  assembly;  they  would  hu\e  advised  executive  and 
judicial  otiicers  to  carry  the  samepiinciides  to  the  bar,  to  the  bench,  to  the 
council-boartl,  and  to  t!ie  Governor's  chair,  'ihey  would  haveadvijcJ  us 
CO  be  cou.-'iitciit  and  unifurm  in  our  re^rards  to  t.^od  and  man,  in  every  sltr 
uatlon,  private  or  public;   and  this  is  the  duty  of  <;ospel  minihiters. 

"  It  is  very  strange  thnf  wc  may  not  preach  on  tlie  "jame  subjects  which 
are  rec:  ni;neiuied  to  us  as  subjects  of  prayer.  In  tlie  annual  proclaina- 
lions  fcr  fasts  and  tlinnks-^ivings  v.e  are  exhorted  to  pr.ay  and  givethnnl.s 
on  a  <;reat  varj,ety  of  political  sal  jects,  furei^ji  and  domestic.  And  wh.nl 
good  rc;!son  can  bo  f;iven  why  these  same  subjects  should  not  be  discours- 
ed C'n,  as  well  as  prayed  over  ?  It  is  expected,  that  we  brln-^  them  into 
the  puljiit  in  oiu- prayers,  and  it  is  by  some  people  hi^Jily  resentetl  if  we 
do  not.  When  we  have  them  in  our  mind  as  prtjper  subjects  for  devo- 
tion, why  should  we  not  sjieak  and  discomse  on  tlieir.  Ibr  ?I  e  instruction 
of  our  hearers  .'  Must  we  make  an  address  to  God  on  political  subjects, 
and  mav  we  not  make  an  address  to  our  brethren  on  the  same  subjects." 

"  But  '  there  is  a  generation  that  are  pure  in  their  own  eyes,  thoui;U 
their  teetli  are  as  sw urds  !'  And  how  liberal  arc  some  tongues,  some  pens, 
and  some  presses,  witli  their  abuse,  when  we  appear  warm  and  zealous  in 
the  cause  of  our  country  !  When  we  sjuak  or  write  in  support  of  its  lib 
t-rties,  its  conslilution,  its  peace  and  its  honor,  we  are  bligmati/.ed  as  busy- 
bodies,  as  tools  of  a  party,  as  mtildlmi;  with  what  does  not  belong  to  us, 
and  iiMMpin;;  a'ltlujrity  over  our  brethren. 

"  Whatever  mav  be  the  views  of  those  wht)  are  of  a  diflerent  opinion 
from  Hpc,  res[»ectint;  this  njalter,  yet  1  coi.sider  their  principle,  that  the- 
cUtl'V  have  no  rii;iit  to  meddle  with  politics,  and  their  endeavor  to  stop  oiir 
iiionth>,  fiS  *  pre;;nanl  with  mischief,'  tendini;  to  l.tep  the  people  in  i;:nor- 
ance,  a::d  exp05)ii;;  them  to  be  misled  by  thoiC  v. ho  would  always  prett'Ou 
tlr.it  the  peo['le  :liall  u'overn,  proviiled  that  they  shall  i;overn  the  people." 

"'Jill.'  time  ha'  been  when  s()i!ie  ol' the.-i;  s  ime  |  erMins    were  very  four? 
orcn;;^;i;.'iii;;  tht-  cler.v  in  poli'ics,  eiiconu.i^iiij^  them  to  v^rite  and  pieach 
or,  tr>  u-.e  a  phraf;  of  their  own,  '  blow  the  trumpet,'  in  del'e'i'ce  (jf  the  lib- 
♦•rtu's  of  their  C'luutry.      IJut,  alas,  hovv  rhanj;eil,   iiow  fallen  !   From  iUcl' 
■politicinn-*,  and  sucii  |:itriols,  ihei^noil  Lord  deli/cr  uj  !" 

THE  KND. 


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